ArticleToxics2024
Exploring Human Misuse and Abuse of Veterinary Drugs: A Descriptive Pharmacovigilance Analysis Utilising the Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS).
Article in Toxics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Toxicological evidence of xylazine in fatal and non-fatal human intoxication: a systematic review.Forensic science, medicine, and pathology · 2026Review
- Navigating Global Regulatory Divergence in Over-the-counter Drugs: Addressing Emerging Risks and Harmonization Challenges.Current drug research reviews · 2026Review
- A case against purity: prioritizing translational polysubstance use research.Current opinion in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Xylazine as an emerging new psychoactive substance; focuses on both 5-HTArchiv der Pharmazie · 2025Article
- From Veterinary Medicine to Illicit Drug Supply: Utilising Social Media to Explore the Rising Emergence of Veterinary Medicines in Human Health.Brain sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionEvidence suggests an increasing misuse of veterinary medicines by humans. This study aims to analyse Adverse Events (AEs) associated with selected veterinary products using the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Events Reporting System (FAERS).
methodsA descriptive pharmacovigilance analysis was conducted on AEs related to 21 drugs approved for human and/or animal use.
resultsA total of 38,756 AEs, including 9566 fatalities, were identified. The United States reported the highest number of cases (13,532), followed by Canada (2869) and the United Kingdom (1400). Among the eight drugs licenced exclusively for animals, levamisole, pentobarbital, and xylazine were most frequently reported. Reports predominantly involved males (57%) from the 18-64 age group, with incidents related mainly to overdose, dependence, and multi-agent toxicities. Unmasking techniques revealed 'intentional overdose' as the primary reaction. Polysubstance use was evident in 90% of the drugs, with benzodiazepines/Z-drugs and opioids as common co-used classes.
conclusionsVeterinary medications are increasingly infiltrating the illicit drug market due to their pharmacological properties. This trend highlights the need for heightened vigilance and awareness to prevent further public health risks associated with the adulteration of illicit substances with veterinary products like xylazine and pentobarbital.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.