Towards Wiser Prescribing of Antibiotics in Dental Practice: What Pharmacists Want Dentists to Know.

Antibiotics have various indications for treatment and prophylaxis in dental practice. While only a handful of antibiotics are typically prescribed in dentistry, unlike in medicine, clear indications and appropriate dosing and duration remain controversial among antibiotic-prescribing dentists, which may result in inappropriate or excessive antibiotic prescriptions. This practice can increase the risk of antibiotic resistance and expose patients to unnecessary side effects. Moreover, the concept of antibiotic stewardship in dental practice remains in its early stages. This review was developed by pharmacists (general and infectious disease pharmacists) in collaboration with a periodontist and a maxillofacial surgeon to provide an antibiotic prescription guide for dentists who frequently prescribe antibiotics. It also sheds light on antibiotic stewardship. The review discusses in detail antibiotic indications for treatment and prophylaxis in dental practice and provides tables that can be used by dentists in their everyday practice. It also discusses the concept of antibiotic stewardship and provides recommendations that can be applied to the practice of antibiotic prescribing in dentistry. Antibiotic prescribing in dental practice should be limited to cases with documented infections or when indicated for prophylaxis. Every dentist can act as an antibiotic steward by prescribing antibiotics wisely and only when necessary, using their discernment to identify appropriate cases and exclude those that do not meet infection criteria. Collaboration with pharmacists is encouraged to provide such recommendations and implement antibiotic stewardship interventions, such as developing antibiotic prescription protocols.