ReviewClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2025
Framework for the Pathology Workup of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Biopsies.
Review in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phase 2 study of talabostat, a small molecule inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidases (DPP), administered in combination with pembrolizumab in patients with small cell neuroendocrine prostate cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Trial
- CDC20 promotes prostate cancer progression via modulating c-MYC and PI3K-AKT signaling.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- c-Fos-driven metabolic switch of α-ketoglutarate orchestrates progression in prostate cancer.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Dependencies in heterogeneous, lineage plastic patient-derived prostate cancer organoids revealed through integrated single-cell multiomics and CRISPR screening.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Preclinical Activity of the DLL3-Targeted T-cell Engager MK-6070 in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2026Article
- Exploring the biology of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: on the road to precision medicine.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying treatment-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2026Review
- PEAK1 promotes prostate cancer progression and docetaxel resistance by mediating the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages.European journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Integrative Machine Learning Framework Revealing TRPM4-Associated Signatures and Identifying SPATA6 as a Potential Biomarker in Prostate Cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms and classification of castration-resistant prostate cancer: Insights into androgen receptor, cancer stem cells, and neuroendocrine features.Current urology · 2026Article
- The Quartet of Core Oncogenic Drivers in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer: Multi-Omics Dataset Integration to Forge a Translational Link Between Biology and Precision Therapy.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Transarterial infusion chemotherapy for severe hepatic dysfunction and poor performance status in diffuse hepatic metastasis: A case report.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Endoscopic Ultrasound With Fine-Needle Biopsy for Rare Pancreatic Metastasis: A Case Series of Neuroendocrine Transformation From Primary Prostate Cancer.ACG case reports journal · 2025Article
- Histologic Transformation in Cancer: The Path for Clinical Translation.Cancer discovery · 2025Review
- The utility of next-generation sequencing in metastatic prostate cancer FNA biopsies.Cancer cytopathology · 2025Article
- Patterns of intra- and intertumor phenotypic heterogeneity in lethal prostate cancer.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Intraindividual epigenetic heterogeneity underlying phenotypic subtypes of advanced prostate cancer.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Stathmin 1 expression in neuroendocrine and proliferating prostate cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Lineage plasticity and histologic transformation from prostate adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine (NE) prostate cancer (NEPC) occur in up to 15% to 20% of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) as a mechanism of treatment resistance and are associated with aggressive disease and poor prognosis. NEPC tumors typically display small cell carcinoma morphology with loss of androgen receptor (AR) expression and gain of NE lineage markers. However, there is a spectrum of phenotypes that are observed during the lineage plasticity process, and the clinical significance of mixed histologies or those that co-express AR and NE markers or lack all markers is not well defined. Translational research studies investigating NEPC have used variable definitions, making clinical trial design challenging. In this manuscript, we discuss the diagnostic workup of metastatic biopsies to help guide the reproducible classification of phenotypic CRPC subtypes. We recommend classifying CRPC tumors based on histomorphology (adenocarcinoma, small cell carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinoma, other morphologic variant, or mixed morphology) and IHC markers with a priority for AR, NK3 homeobox 1, insulinoma-associated protein 1, synaptophysin, and cell proliferation based on Ki-67 positivity, with additional markers to be considered based on the clinical context. Ultimately, a unified workup of metastatic CRPC biopsies can improve clinical trial design and eventually practice.
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