ArticleEuropean oral research2024
The effect of preheating on microhardness and flexural strength of bulk-fill resin composites: an in-vitro study.
Article in European oral research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of high irradiance and short exposure curing time on the fracture toughness of bulk-fill resin-based composite: an in vitro study.Restorative dentistry & endodontics · 2026Article
- Material-Dependent Microhardness Response to Preheating in Nanoparticulate Composite Resins Cured with High-Intensity Light.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Effect of Caps Warmer and VisCalor Dispenser preheating on the color stability and surface roughness of resin composites after coffee immersion: an in vitro study.BMC oral health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the impact of preheating on the microhardness and flexural strength of bulk-fill resin composites. Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, forty-two specimens were prepared of each composite, X-tra fil and Opus Bulk Fill, resulting in 84 disk-shaped specimens for microhardness testing and 84 bar-shaped specimens for flexural strength analysis. The specimens were divided into four groups as follows: Group 1: X-tra fil composite with preheating (at 68°C for 15 minutes), group 2: X-tra fil composite without preheating (at room temperature), group 3: Opus Bulk Fill composite with the same preheating method, group 4: Opus Bulk Fill composite without preheating. Microhardness was assessed using the Vickers test with a diamond indenter, and flexural strength was measured using a 3-point flexural test. Statistical comparisons were performed on the calculated results. Results: In the preheated groups, both X-tra fil and Opus Bulk Fill composites exhibited significantly higher mean flexural strength compared to the non-preheated groups (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the mean microhardness between the two groups for either type of composite (p=0.719). Additionally, the mean flexural strength and microhardness of X-tra fil composite, in both preheated and non-preheated conditions, were higher than those of the Opus Bulk Fill composite (p<0.001). Conclusion: Preheating bulk-fill composites to 68°C has no detrimental effect on their microhardness and increases the flexural strength of these materials. Furthermore, the degree of microhardness and flexural strength in bulk-fill composites varies between brands and is influenced by their chemical compositions.
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