Trial reportBMC women's health2024
The effect of a virtual educational intervention based on self-efficacy theory on women's skills of breast self- examination.
Trial report in BMC women's health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of hands-on breast self-examination training on knowledge, health beliefs, and BSE practice among female university students: a randomized controlled trial.BMC women's health · 2026Trial
- Breast Self-Examination (BSE) Education: An Auxiliary Preventive Measure or a Source of Anxiety?Cureus · 2026Article
- Comparison of time-segmented goal-directed teaching vs. traditional teaching for PICC among specialist nurse training: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Understanding Breast Cancer: Awareness, Risk Factors, and Symptoms Among Female Health Science Students in Hungary.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- A gamified metaverse platform (Mammoverse) for breast health education: A mixed-methods study.Digital healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCorrectly, performing breast self-examination (BSE) has an important role in the early diagnosis of breast cancer and prevention of women's mortality due to it. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of virtual education programs on breast self-examination, self-efficacy, and skills.
methodsThis quasi-experimental study was conducted on 146 women who were 18-59 years old (73 in each intervention, and control group) working in Fars Oil Industry. Data collection tools included the researcher-made knowledge questionnaire (10 items), the self-efficacy questionnaire of Champion and Scott (10 item), and Wood's breast self-examination skill questionnaire (23 items). The participants were selected by systematic random sampling and divided into intervention and control groups through Permuted blocks randomization. A four-week virtual educational interventions were conducted for the intervention group through the WhatsApp messenger by sharing educational videos, booklets, and posters. The control group received no education. The questionnaires were completed by both groups, before and two months after the intervention. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 22 using frequency descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and paired t-test.
resultsThe knowledge mean scores showed no significant differences in participants in the two groups before and after the intervention. The mean score of self-efficacy increased significantly, in both the intervention (p < 0.001) and control (P = 0.025) groups. After the intervention, the mean scores of BSE skills in the intervention group were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than the control group.
conclusionVirtual education using social networks alone is not able to increase and improve all aspects of BSE skills sufficiently.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.