ArticleScientific reports2024
Association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and all-cause mortality in patients with coronary artery disease: a real-world analysis using data from an international network.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- TriNetX LATAM Collaborative Network, an EHR Data Source in Latin America.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Article
- Age-specific effects of hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels on incident cardiovascular diseases among adults with diabetes in China: a 10-year prospective cohort study.Life metabolism · 2026Article
- Life's Essential 8-Defined Cardiovascular Health and Mortality Risk in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health Stages 0-4: A Cohort Study.Journal of epidemiology and global health · 2026Article
- ACTB hypermethylation in blood is a potential biomarker as predictor to the risk of coronary heart disease.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Functional fermented dairy products: a review of mechanisms, health potential, and technological challenges.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Residual coronary atherosclerotic risk and low LDL-cholesterol in chronic coronary syndromes.European heart journal. Imaging methods and practice · 2026Article
- Risk and all-cause mortality of high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol-albumin ratio level in stable coronary artery disease patients following percutaneous coronary intervention.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure and cardiovascular risk: lipid profile as a mediator.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- Stress in first-year medical students: a multidimensional analysis of emotional Intelligence, empathy, and cardiovascular health.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Can we better prevent cardiovascular disease? 'Stayin' healthy to stay alive'.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025Review
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Abstract
The current cholesterol guidelines recommend maintaining low levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, recent studies have suggested that both very low and very high LDL-C levels may be associated with increased mortality in the general population. We utilized data from TriNetX, a global health research network, to investigate the association between LDL-C levels and all-cause mortality in patients with CAD. CAD patients were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) diagnosis code and stratified into six LDL-C categories: <50 mg/dL (cohort 1), 50-69.9 mg/dL (cohort 2), 70-99.9 mg/dL (cohort 3), 100-129.9 mg/dL (cohort 4), 130-159.9 mg/dL (cohort 5), and ≥ 160 mg/dL (cohort 6). Mortality data were obtained by linking patient records to death registries spanning the 15 years prior to the analysis. Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality outcomes along with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 2,145,732 individuals with CAD (mean age 72 years, SD 13; mean LDL-C 87.7 mg/dL, SD 37.7) were included in the analysis. Over a 15-year follow-up period, 191,779 deaths (8.9%) were recorded. After propensity score matching, patients with LDL-C < 50 mg/dL (37.05% vs. 33.11%, HR 1.144, 95% CI 1.125-1.164, p < 0.0001), LDL-C 130-159.9 mg/dL (26.47% vs. 25.71%, HR 1.032, 95% CI 1.007-1.059, p = 0.0136), and LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL (26.29% vs. 24.38%, HR 1.121, 95% CI 1.082-1.163, p < 0.0001) demonstrated a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to those with LDL-C 100-129.9 mg/dL. Conversely, patients with LDL-C 50-69.9 mg/dL (27.88% vs. 29.68%, HR 0.898, 95% CI 0.883-0.913, p = 0.0002) and LDL-C 70-99.9 mg/dL (26.21% vs. 27.84%, HR 0.908, 95% CI 0.893-0.923, p = 0.0057) exhibited a lower risk of all-cause mortality compared to the reference group (LDL-C 100-129.9 mg/dL). In conclusion, our findings suggest a U-shaped relationship between LDL-C levels and all-cause mortality in patients with CAD, where both very low (< 50 mg/dL) and high (≥ 130 mg/dL) LDL-C levels are associated with increased mortality risk. These results highlight the need for individualized LDL-C targets in managing patients with CAD.
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