Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39587067›Full record

ArticleNature communications2024

Critical assessment of LC3/GABARAP ligands used for degrader development and ligandability of LC3/GABARAP binding pockets.

Martin P Schwalm, Johannes Dopfer, Adarsh Kumar, Francesco A Greco, Nicolas Bauer, Frank Löhr, Jan Heering, Sara Cano-Franco, Severin Lechner, Thomas Hanke and 16 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. MinimalRSC chemical biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Designing the Proteome with Chemical Tools: Degrons and Beyond.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors.

Martin P SchwalmInstitute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1252-1829
Johannes DopferInstitute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.ORCID 0009-0008-6356-1864
Adarsh KumarInstitute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8219-0332
Francesco A GrecoInstitute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4079-6977
Nicolas BauerInstitute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.ORCID 0009-0004-3448-9796
Frank LöhrInstitute for Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6399-9497
Jan HeeringFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4922-1993
Sara Cano-FrancoInstitute of Biochemistry II (IBC2), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4203-4191
Severin LechnerChair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2297-9208
Thomas HankeInstitute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7202-9468
Ivana JaserNanoTemper Technologies GmbH, Flößergasse 4, 81369, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0009-0006-5431-3266
Viktoria MoraschInstitute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.ORCID 0009-0006-0267-2451
Christopher LenzInstitute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.ORCID 0009-0000-2261-2823
Daren FearonDiamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-3529-7863
Peter G MarplesDiamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8787-7969
Charles W E TomlinsonDiamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-1845-6028
Lorene BrunelloInstitute of Biochemistry II (IBC2), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7222-3033
Krishna SaxenaInstitute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2237-5378
Nathan B P AdamsNanoTemper Technologies GmbH, Flößergasse 4, 81369, Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3080-3448
Frank von DelftDiamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-0378-0017
Susanne MüllerInstitute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2402-4157
Alexandra StolzInstitute of Biochemistry II (IBC2), Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3340-439X
Ewgenij ProschakInstitute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1961-1859
Bernhard KusterChair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9094-1677
Stefan KnappInstitute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany. knapp@pharmchem.uni-frankfurt.de.ORCID 0000-0001-5995-6494
Vladimir V RogovInstitute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 9, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany. rogov@pharmchem.uni-frankfurt.de.ORCID 0000-0002-2164-2323

Funding

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Federal Ministry of Education and Research) 03ZU1109XXDeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 401883058Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) 424228829
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent successes in developing small molecule degraders that act through the ubiquitin system have spurred efforts to extend this technology to other mechanisms, including the autophagosomal-lysosomal pathway. Therefore, reports of autophagosome tethering compounds (ATTECs) have received considerable attention from the drug development community. ATTECs are based on the recruitment of targets to LC3/GABARAP, a family of ubiquitin-like proteins that presumably bind to the autophagosome membrane and tether cargo-loaded autophagy receptors into the autophagosome. In this work, we rigorously tested the target engagement of the reported ATTECs to validate the existing LC3/GABARAP ligands. Surprisingly, we were unable to detect interaction with their designated target LC3 using a diversity of biophysical methods. Intrigued by the idea of developing ATTECs, we evaluated the ligandability of LC3/GABARAP by in silico docking and large-scale crystallographic fragment screening. Data based on approximately 1000 crystal structures revealed that most fragments bound to the HP2 but not to the HP1 pocket within the LIR docking site, suggesting a favorable ligandability of HP2. Through this study, we identified diverse validated LC3/GABARAP ligands and fragments as starting points for chemical probe and ATTEC development.

Indexed as

Adaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingApoptosis Regulatory ProteinsAutophagosomesMicrotubule-Associated ProteinsMolecular Docking SimulationAutophagyBinding SitesCrystallography, X-RayHumansLigandsProtein BindingAdaptor Proteins, Signal TransducingApoptosis Regulatory ProteinsGABARAP protein, humanLigandsMAP1LC3A protein, humanMicrotubule-Associated Proteins

Identifiers

PMID39587067
PMCPMC11589570

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.