Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39586196›Full record

ReviewMusculoskeletal science & practice2025

The Neuroplastic Outcomes from Impaired Sensory Expectations (NOISE) hypothesis: How ACL dysfunction impacts sensory perception and knee stability.

Amber J Schnittjer, Janet E Simon, Tyler T Whittier, Dustin R Grooms

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Musculoskeletal science & practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Amber J SchnittjerTranslational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA. Electronic address: as688714@ohio.edu.
Janet E SimonOhio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; Department of Athletic Training, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
Tyler T WhittierDepartment of Food Systems, Nutrition, & Kinesiology, College of Education, Health, & Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA.
Dustin R GroomsOhio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.

Funding

Neuroplastic Mechanisms for Acquisition and Transfer of Injury-Resistant Movement Patterns Assessed in VR Simulated SportR01AR076153 · NIAMS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI GROOMS, DUSTIN ROBERT, MYER, GREGORY DONALD · 2020 to 2022
$1.1M
Discovery of the Neural Drivers Underlying Injury-Risk BiomechanicsR01AR077248 · NIAMS · OHIO UNIVERSITY ATHENS · PI GROOMS, DUSTIN ROBERT · 2021 to 2023
$557k
NIAMS NIH HHS L30 AR077896NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR076153NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR077248US Department of Defense 81XWH-18-1-0707
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is integral to maintaining knee joint stability but is susceptible to rupture during physical activity. Despite surgical restoration of passive or mechanical stability, patients struggle to regain strength and prior level of function. Recent efforts have focused on understanding how ACL-related changes in the nervous system contribute to deficits in sensorimotor control following injury and reconstruction. We hypothesize that these challenges are partially due to an increase in sensorimotor uncertainty, a state that reduces the precision of movement control.

objectivesThis review proposes the ACL NOISE (Neuroplastic Outcomes from Impaired Sensory Expectations) hypothesis, reframing current literature to provide a case that increased sensory noise following ACL injury and reconstruction disrupts sensory predictions, which are anticipations of immediate sensory outcomes or motor commands. This disruption in sensory predictions may contribute to altered neurophysiology, such as cross-modal brain activity, and other persistent clinical deficits.

designNarrative review RESULTS/

findingsFollowing ACL injury and reconstruction, the knee and nervous system experience various neurophysiological alterations to overcome elevated sensory uncertainty and inaccurate sensory predictions, contributing to persistent motor deficits.

conclusionsWe provide a theoretical case based on compelling evidence that suggests prolonged impairment after ACL injury may be secondary to uncertainty in knee sensory perception. Future research should consider testing the NOISE hypothesis by creating a paradigm that examines dynamic joint stability in response to unexpected perturbations. This approach would help assess motor coordination errors and drive the development of clinical strategies aimed at reducing sensory uncertainty following ACL reconstruction.

Indexed as

Anterior Cruciate LigamentAnterior Cruciate Ligament InjuriesAnterior Cruciate Ligament ReconstructionJoint InstabilityKnee JointNeuronal PlasticityAdultFemaleHumansMaleNeuroplasticitySensory predictionSensory-reweightingUncertainty

Identifiers

PMID39586196
PMCPMC11750607

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.