Observational studyBJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology2025
Fetal Heart Rate Analysis in Pregnancies Complicated by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Multicentre Observational Study.
Observational study in BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Heart Rate Variability in Newborns From Diabetic Mothers: Clinical Application and Significance.Annals of noninvasive electrocardiology : the official journal of the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, Inc · 2026Review
- Advanced fetal cardiac monitoring in gestational diabetes mellitus: HbA1c remains the relevant predictor of perinatal outcome under optimal metabolic control.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Article
- AI-assisted fetal heart monitoring: a CTG classification model combining attention mechanism and convolutional neural networks.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The Impact of Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Fetal Cardiac Function in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Study (GUARDS Trial).Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Clinical Role of the Noninvasive Abdominal Fetal ECG in the Detection and Monitoring of Fetal Tachycardia.Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveEstablish whether pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated with a fetal cardiac phenotype that predisposes to arrhythmia; utilising measurements derived from non-invasive abdominal fetal ECG.
designProspective observational study.
settingThree tertiary obstetric units, United Kingdom. POPULATION: Women aged ≥ 16 years with either GDM or uncomplicated pregnancy (control) who were > 20 weeks gestational age.
methodsThe MonicaAN24 non-invasive abdominal fetal ECG monitor was fitted for overnight recording.
main outcome measureCalculation of the fetal heart rate (FHR) and fetal heart rate variability (HRV) time domain metrics standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and the PR, QRS, QT intervals was performed. Groups were compared using linear regression models (stratified by sleep state) and adjusted for fetal sex and ethnicity.
resultsNinety-six participants were included. For HRV in sleep state 1F, SDNN was higher for GDM than control participants 12.56 (10.45-16.62)ms versus 8.58 (5.83-9.73)ms [p = 0.01] [median (IQR)]. There were no differences in SDNN in sleep state 2F. No differences were identified in RMSSD in either sleep states or in the cardiac time intervals. We observed a negative correlation between HRV and body mass index/HbA1c and a positive correlation between FHR and body mass index/HbA1c in sleep states 1F/2F.
conclusionsAlterations of HRV and FHR rate may be associated with a diagnosis of GDM, likely secondary to altered autonomic function in utero.
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