ArticlePneumonia (Nathan Qld.)2024
Pneumococci remain the main cause of complicated pediatric pneumonia in the post-pandemic era despite extensive pneumococcal vaccine use.
Article in Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and Validation of a Functional Antibody Assay for Evaluating Protein-Based Pneumococcal Vaccines.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Correction to: Pneumococci remain the main cause of complicated pediatric pneumonia in the post-pandemic era despite extensive pneumococcal vaccine use.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) greatly enhance the capacity to identify the etiology of pediatric complicated pneumonia. However, the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines could reduce the importance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in pediatric complicated pneumonia with the potential emergence of other bacterial agents. Using an expanded NAAT in culture negative pleural fluid or empyema samples collected in 2010-2024 (n = 554) in Portugal, we show that S. pneumoniae remains the most frequent agent despite decades of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine use and the COVID-19 pandemic. A rebound in pediatric complicated pneumonia occurred post-pandemic, including a rise in cases by Streptococcus pyogenes and Haemophilus influenzae. Empiric therapy of pediatric complicated pneumonia should still consider S. pneumoniae as the most likely cause, even in countries where the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine is in the national immunization program with a high uptake.
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Registered trials
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