Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39581600›Full record

ArticleExperimental animals2025

Dual-route administration of balanced anesthesia using medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol provides both suitable anesthetic depth and reduced tissue injury in rabbits.

Risa Iwanaga, Kanako Sumi, Chizuko Kodama, Munekatsu Ita, Mohammad Ibrahim Qasimi, Jun Tamura, Ko Nakanishi, Yasuhiro Yoshida, Masami Morimatsu, Kayoko Matsumura and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Experimental animals, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Risa IwanagaDepartment of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, 2-3 Bunkyo, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan.
Kanako SumiDepartment of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, 2-3 Bunkyo, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan.
Chizuko KodamaDepartment of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, 2-3 Bunkyo, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan.
Munekatsu ItaTechnical Support Team, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.
Mohammad Ibrahim QasimiDepartment of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, 2-3 Bunkyo, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan.
Jun TamuraVeterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.
Ko NakanishiDepartment of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13-Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan.
Yasuhiro YoshidaDepartment of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13-Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan.
Masami MorimatsuLaboratory of Laboratory Animal Science and Medicine, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18-Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan.
Kayoko MatsumuraDepartment of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, 2-3 Bunkyo, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan.
Teppei NakamuraDepartment of Biological Safety Research, Chitose Laboratory, Japan Food Research Laboratories, 2-3 Bunkyo, Chitose, Hokkaido 066-0052, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol (MMB) anesthesia is the preferred choice for rodents but requires excess volume of intramuscular injection in rabbits, which can lead to muscular damage. This study aimed to evaluate a dual-route MMB administration via the intravenous and subcutaneous routes in rabbits. MMB was administered to male Kbs:JW rabbits with an intravenous injection of 0.2 ml/kg followed by a subcutaneous injection of 0.8 ml/kg, totaling 0.2 mg/kg medetomidine, 2.0 mg/kg midazolam, and 2.0 mg/kg butorphanol. We compared the anesthetic effects of this dual-route method with those of intramuscular administration. The dual-route method resulted in a shorter induction time and similar anesthetic duration compared with those of the intramuscular route. While it induced a temporary decrease in body temperature within 30 min post-injection, other vital signs, such as respiration rate, heart rate, and O

Indexed as

AnesthesiaButorphanolMedetomidineMidazolamAnesthetics, CombinedAnimalsInjections, IntramuscularInjections, IntravenousInjections, SubcutaneousMaleRabbitsAnesthetics, CombinedButorphanolMedetomidineMidazolamadministration routeinjectable anesthesiaMMBrabbittissue injury

Identifiers

PMID39581600
PMCPMC12044349

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.