ReviewCellular and molecular neurobiology2024
The Role of Inflammatory Cascade and Reactive Astrogliosis in Glial Scar Formation Post-spinal Cord Injury.
Review in Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spatiotemporal disarray of inflammatory microenvironment following spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Metallotoxicity-driven oxidative perturbations in spinal cord injury: Unraveling the pathophysiological nexus between metal-induced redox imbalance and disease severity: A correlational and multivariate analysis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Treatment with Neuronal-Induced Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Functional Recovery of Acute Spinal Cord Injury through Attenuating Astrogliosis and Neurotoxic Astrocyte Activation.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2026Article
- Bergapten attenuates oxidative stress and neuroinflammation to promote the survival and neuronal differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells after ischemic insult.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Fixed Dose Combination of Inosine Monophosphate, Agmatine Sulphate, and L-Carnosine (CGXNW) as Add-on Therapy for the Management of Spinal Cord Injury - A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Journal of orthopaedic case reports · 2026Article
- Research Evolution and Frontiers in Glial Scar and Spinal Cord Injury Research: A Bibliometric Perspective.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis: Getting to the Core.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- POSTN(+) fibroblasts and SPP1(+) macrophages in scar formation: A review of mechanisms and therapeutic targets (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Exercise training promotes nerve cell repair and regeneration after spinal cord injury.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Targeting the glial-fibrotic scar microenvironment after spinal cord injury: From integrated protection to systematic regulation of regenerative balance.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2026Review
- The aging gut-glia-immune axis in alzheimer's disease: microbiome-derived mediators of neuroinflammation and therapeutic innovation.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Hypoxia-conditioned BMSC exosomes improve short-term spinal cord injury outcomes via the miR-615-3p/PDE4C-mediated cAMP/PKA pathway.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Article
- Mapping the Ischemic Continuum: Dynamic Multi-Omic Biomarker and AI for Personalized Stroke Care.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Mechanobiology of hippocampal neurogenesis: directing neural stem cell fate through physical cues.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-based therapeutic strategies for spinal cord injury.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Targeting glial scar formation for spinal cord injury: mechanisms, strategies, and research progress review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- AAD-2004 through clearing HScientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparative study of treadmill and swimming exercises on spinal regeneration and reactive astrocytes in the brain after spinal cord injury.Journal of exercise rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Polystyrene Micro- and Nanoplastic Exposure Triggers an Activation and Stress Response in Human Astrocytes.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Shear Conditioning Promotes Microvascular Endothelial Barrier Resilience in a Human BBB-on-a-Chip Model of Systemic Inflammation Leading to Astrogliosis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis and inflammation are pathologic hallmarks of spinal cord injury. After injury, dysfunction of glial cells (astrocytes) results in glial scar formation, which limits neuronal regeneration. The blood-spinal cord barrier maintains the structural and functional integrity of the spinal cord and does not allow blood vessel components to leak into the spinal cord microenvironment. After the injury, disruption in the spinal cord barrier causes an imbalance of the immunological microenvironment. This triggers the process of neuroinflammation, facilitated by the actions of microglia, neutrophils, glial cells, and cytokines production. Recent work has revealed two phenotypes of astrocytes, A1 and A2, where A2 has a protective type, and A1 releases neurotoxins, further promoting glial scar formation. Here, we first describe the current understanding of the spinal cord microenvironment, both pre-, and post-injury, and the role of different glial cells in the context of spinal cord injury, which forms the essential update on the cellular and molecular events following injury. We aim to explore in-depth signaling pathways and molecular mediators that trigger astrocyte activation and glial scar formation. This review will discuss the activated signaling pathways in astrocytes and other glial cells and their collaborative role in the development of gliosis through inflammatory responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.