Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39578902›Full record

ArticleReproductive health2024

The condition of women frequently changing sanitary pads in 28 cities of China: a cross-sectional study.

Jiachen Sun, Shuwen Bai, Qi Li, Meizhen Zhao, Lina Ge, Shuang Zang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Reproductive health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Jiachen Sun *The First Clinical College, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-3224-3515
Shuwen Bai *Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade Taipa, Macau SAR, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5544-6040
Qi LiThe Fifth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 60 Hengfu Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong Province, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-2525-9164
Meizhen ZhaoDepartment of Nursing, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei Province, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3176-0622
Lina GeDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36 Sanhao Street, Heping Area, Shenyang, 110022, Liaoning Province, China. geln@sj-hospital.org.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8967-1964
Shuang ZangDepartment of Community Nursing, School of Nursing, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China. zangshuang@cmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-8011

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesThis study aims to fill the gap in understanding the frequency of changing sanitary pads and the key factors associated with this practice among women in China.

methodsUsing a convenient sampling approach, a cross-sectional study was conducted with a quota sampling method to survey women from 28 cities in China between October 21 and 31, 2020. Basic demographic characteristics, personal hygiene habits, self-efficacy, health-related quality of life, and disease status were collected. Multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors associated with the frequency of changing sanitary pads.

resultsA total of 1682 respondents were included in this study. The condition of frequently changing sanitary pads was divided into three groups: "Not taken" (224 respondents, 13.32%), "Short-term taken" (330 respondents, 19.62%), and "Long-term taken" (1128 respondents, 67.06%). Multiple logistic analysis revealed that women who performed "long-term taken" cleaning up rubbish timely (OR = 22.89, P < 0.05), "long-term taken" regular breast self-examination (OR = 19.46, P < 0.05), "long-term taken" actively obtaining scientific contraception methods (OR = 7.40, P < 0.05), as well as those with higher health-related quality of life (OR = 33.72, P < 0.05), were more likely to perform "long-term taken" frequently changing sanitary pads. Conversely, women with chronic diseases (OR = 0.48, P < 0.05) and those aged 31-40 (OR = 0.44, P < 0.05) were less likely to perform the "long-term taken" frequently changing sanitary pads during menstruation.

conclusionsMost Chinese women practice good menstrual health management and frequently change their sanitary pads. However, there are still some women whose sanitary pad changing practices fall short of expectations. Multiple factors have been found to be associated with the frequency of changing sanitary pads. Based on the research results, healthcare institutions, schools, and the government can more effectively screen, assess, and support women who face menstrual health issues, thereby improving the overall level of menstrual hygiene management.

Indexed as

HygieneQuality of LifeAdolescentAdultChinaCitiesCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHumansMiddle AgedSurveys and QuestionnairesYoung AdultChanging sanitary padsChinaCross-sectional studyMenstrual hygieneMenstruation

Identifiers

PMID39578902
PMCPMC11585201

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.