ArticleThe American journal of clinical nutrition2025
Maternal vitamin D status, fetal growth patterns, and adverse pregnancy outcomes in a multisite prospective pregnancy cohort.
Article in The American journal of clinical nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The role of vitamin D deficiency in fetal growth restriction: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Maternal vitamin D status and preterm birth: an eight-year retrospective cohort study in the Southeastern United States.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Land use is associated with Indigenous maternal death occurrence through Native and Western food security.iScience · 2026Article
- A 'Standard of Care PLUS' Model for Preterm Birth Prevention: Integrating Nutrient and Gene Variant Analysis with Targeted Interventions.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Article
- Nonlinear and sex-specific associations of maternal vitamin D in early- and mid-pregnancy with childhood growth trajectories from birth to 6 years of age: a prospective cohort study in China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- A decade-long assessment reveals persistent vitamin D deficiency and its associated factors in early-pregnant women from northern China (2016-2025).Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- [A follow-up study on the physical and motor development of premature infants with small for gestational age within 2 years after birth].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2025Article
- Vitamin D and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR).International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Vitamin D and Chronic Disorders: A Review of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency Is a Risk Factor for Infants' Epigenetic Gestational Age Acceleration at Birth in Japan: A Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFew studies have examined maternal vitamin D status and fetal growth patterns across gestation. Furthermore, time points in pregnancy at which maternal vitamin D status is most critical for optimal fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes are uncertain.
objectivesOur objective was to examine whether first and second trimester maternal vitamin D status are associated with fetal growth patterns and pregnancy outcomes.
methodsWe conducted a secondary analysis using data and samples from a multisite prospective cohort study of nulliparous pregnant females in the United States. We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) for 351 participants at 6-13 and 16-21 weeks of gestation. Fetal growth was measured by ultrasound at 16-21 and 22-29 weeks of gestation, and neonatal anthropometric measures at birth. We constructed fetal growth curves using length, weight, and head circumference z-scores, and calculated risk of preterm birth (<37 wk) and small for gestational age (SGA). We examined outcomes across 25(OH)D concentrations assessed continuously, using Institute of Medicine (IOM) cutoffs (<50 compared with ≥50 nmol/L), and using exploratory cutoffs (<40, 40-59.9, 60-79.9, ≥80 nmol/L).
resultsVitamin D insufficiency (25(OH)D <50 nmol/L) was prevalent in 20% of participants in the first trimester. Each 10 nmol/L increase in first trimester 25(OH)D was associated with a 0.05 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 0.10] increase in length-for-age z-score but was not associated with weight or head circumference. There were no differences in risk of preterm birth or SGA using IOM cutoffs; participants with first trimester 25(OH)D <40 compared with ≥80 nmol/L had 4.35 (95% CI: 1.14, 16.55) times risk of preterm birth. Second trimester 25(OH)D was not associated with fetal growth patterns or with pregnancy outcomes.
conclusionsFirst trimester 25(OH)D is positively associated with linear growth. Low first trimester 25(OH)D (<40 nmol/L) is associated with a higher risk of preterm birth. Second trimester 25(OH)D is not associated with fetal growth or pregnancy outcomes assessed.
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