ArticleScience advances2024
Multifunctional hydrogel electronics for closed-loop antiepileptic treatment.
Article in Science advances, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Designing PEDOT:PSS hydrogels for bioelectronic interfaces.Materials today (Kidlington, England) · 2026Article
- 3D-Printed Bioadhesive Interfaces as Proliferative Niches for Tissue Repair.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- Bioinspired organic materials for seamless neurohybrid interfaces: from material design to living electronics.Materials horizons · 2026Review
- Bioelectronic Considerations in Biomedical Microneedles.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Spatiotemporal immunomodulation with programmable biomaterials to promote musculoskeletal tissue regeneration.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Multiscale biomimetic design for peripheral nerve repair: Beyond passive bridging.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Hydrogel-integrated multimodal physiological and modulation systems.Materials horizons · 2026Review
- A soft electrode array with reconfigurable hydrogel interfaces for high-fidelity neurophysiological monitoring during craniotomy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Ionic-Bionic Interfaces: Advancing Iontronic Strategies for Bioelectronic Sensing and Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Review
- Autonomous In Situ Biointerfacing Platform for Real-Time Electrophysiological Monitoring and Advanced Wound Management.ACS nano · 2026Article
- Multi-Channel Neural Interface for Neural Recording and Neuromodulation.Small methods · 2026Review
- Materials and System Design for Self-Decision Bioelectronic Systems.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Multiscale Engineering of Ion-Conducting Gels for Sustainable Bioelectronic Systems.Small methods · 2026Review
- Self-assembling nanocomposites for smart drug delivery: towards personalized and stimuli-responsive therapeutics.RSC advances · 2026Review
- Evolution of 3D-Printed Microneedles toward Closed-Loop Theranostic Platforms.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Hydrogel-Based Delivery Systems for Non-Opioid Analgesics: Advances, Challenges, and Clinical Prospects.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- A gastric retentive robotic capsule enables emergency-prepared and responsive oral drug delivery in canine models.Science advances · 2025Article
- Gel-Based Ionic Circuits.Chemical reviews · 2025Review
- A closed-loop bioelectronic patch for intelligent blood pressure management.Science advances · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Closed-loop strategies offer advanced therapeutic potential through intelligent disease management. Here, we develop a hydrogel-based, single-component, organic electronic device for closed-loop neurotherapy. Fabricated out of conductive hydrogels, the device consists of a flexible array of microneedle electrodes, each of which can be individually addressed to perform electrical recording and control chemical release with sophisticated spatiotemporal control, thus pioneering a smart antiseizure therapeutic system by combining electrical and pharmacological interventions. The recorded neural signal acts as the trigger for a voltage-driven drug release in detected pathological conditions predicted by real-time electrophysiology analysis. When implanted into epileptic animals, the device enables autonomous antiseizure management, where the dosing of antiepileptic drug is controlled in a time-sensitive, region-selective, and dose-adaptive manner, allowing the inhibition of seizure outbursts through the delivery of just-necessary drug dosages. The side effects are minimized with dosages three orders of magnitude lower than the usage in approaches simulating existing clinical treatments.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.