ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2024
Fine Motor Skills, Reading Speed, and Self-Reported Quality of Life in Adults With Amblyopia and/or Strabismus.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impaired binocular vision with bangerter foil and its influence on fine motor skills: a clinical observational, randomized and cross-sectional study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Trial
- Binocular Vision Anomalies: An Update on Prevalence, Impact, Technological and Treatment Developments and Current Challenges.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Review
- Amblyopia in 2026: A State-of-the-Art Review of Multidimensional Phenotyping, Response Heterogeneity, and Clinical Considerations.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Objective Analysis of Reading Ability Using an Eye Tracker in Intermittent Exotropia.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Visuo-Cognitive Executive Functions in Amblyopia and Strabismus: Associations With Function and Quality of Life.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Contribution of binocular visual function and its impairment by Bangerter foils to the performance of a precision reaching, grasping and placing task in healthy adults.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Psychophysical assessment of face perception deficits in adults with amblyopia through top-down and bottom-up visual processing pathways.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess fine motor skills and reading proficiency in adults with amblyopia and/or strabismus, and to determine how these relate to clinical measures of vision and self-reported vision-related quality of life. Methods: Fine motor skills (Manual dexterity - Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency [BOT-2]) and reading performance (International Reading Speed Texts [IReST]) were assessed in 23 adults with non-strabismic amblyopia, 20 with non-amblyopic strabismus, 52 with both amblyopia and strabismus, and 19 with normal visual development. Visual acuity and binocular function score (BFS), obtained from stereoacuity and presence/absence of suppression, were also determined. Vision-related quality of life was assessed with the Amblyopia and Strabismus Questionnaire (A&SQ) in those with amblyopia and/or strabismus. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and multiple regression models. Results: Participants with amblyopia and/or strabismus exhibited poorer performance in all five manual dexterity sub-items and the overall standardized score (P < 0.05). The reading rate was significantly slower across all amblyopia/strabismus groups (P < 0.05). Poorer fine motor skills and slower reading performance were associated with each other (R = 0.29). Clinical visual characteristics (visual acuity [VA], BFS, and presence of strabismus) explained 39% of the variance in fine motor skills score (R2 = 0.39), however, these explained only 6% of the variance in reading speed (R2 = 0.06). Self-report of functional ability related most to BFS, whereas psychosocial impact related to the presence of strabismus. The clinical and functional characteristics predicted 4% of the variance in functional impact score (R2 = 0.038) and explained 16% of the variance in psychosocial impact score (R2 = 0.16). Conclusions: The functional and psychosocial effects of amblyopia and strabismus are common and persist into adulthood, with outcomes inadequately accounted for by clinical measures of vision.
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