Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39576279›Full record

ArticleThe journal of spinal cord medicine2025

Shelter-in-place during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact on secondary health conditions, anxiety, loneliness, social isolation, social connectedness, and positive affect and well-being.

Melissa L Zahl, Jennifer A Piatt, Cedomir Stanojevic, Shu Cole, Harold D Green

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In one paragraph

Article in The journal of spinal cord medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Melissa L ZahlDepartment of Occupational and Recreational Therapies, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4050-8533
Jennifer A PiattDepartment of Health Professions, School of Health & Human Services, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Cedomir StanojevicDepartment of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA.
Shu ColeDepartment of Health & Wellness Design, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8540-5618
Harold D GreenDepartment of Applied Health Science, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0740-9178

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

CONTEXT/

objectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the implications of shelter-in-place (SIP) during the COVID-19 pandemic on secondary health conditions (SHC), loneliness, social isolation, social connectedness, anxiety, and positive affect and well-being (PAWB) among community-dwelling adults with spinal cord injury (SCI).

designAn online exploratory cross-sectional descriptive design.

participants131 community-dwelling adults with SCI. OUTCOME MEASURES: UCLA Loneliness Scale, SCI-QOL - Anxiety and PAWB.

resultsRespondents were approximately 33 years old, mostly male and Caucasian. More than half reported being married, living with their spouse in a home with modifications, or living in a household of three or more people. More than half reported experiencing more pain during SIP but not experiencing more of any other SHC than before SIP. On average, participants experienced a moderate level of loneliness, severe anxiety, and higher levels of PAWB during SIP.

conclusionRespondents reported that they experienced more pain, loneliness, and anxiety while at the same time reporting higher PAWB. Future research should focus on understanding the nuances of the seemingly counterintuitive relationship described here to develop better ways to support community-dwelling adults with SCI during public health emergencies and SIP.

Indexed as

AnxietyCOVID-19LonelinessSocial IsolationSpinal Cord InjuriesAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansIndependent LivingMaleMiddle AgedPandemicsSARS-CoV-2Community-dwelling adultsCOVID-19 pandemicShelter-in-placeSpinal cord injury

Identifiers

PMID39576279
PMCPMC12691546

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.