Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39574341›Full record

ArticleJournal of economic entomology2025

Development of practical pheromone lures for Lygus hesperus and Lygus elisus (Heteroptera: Miridae).

David R Hall, Jacqueline Serrano, Glenn Y Yokota, Diego J Nieto, Dudley I Farman, J Steven McElfresh, Alejandro I Del Pozo-Valdivia, Jocelyn G Millar, Kent M Daane

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of economic entomology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

David R HallNatural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7887-466X
Jacqueline SerranoDepartments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8034-6391
Glenn Y YokotaDepartment of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Diego J NietoDepartment of Entomology, Driscoll's Inc., Watsonville, CA 95076, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-1797-6686
Dudley I FarmanNatural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
J Steven McElfreshDepartments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8736-6632
Alejandro I Del Pozo-ValdiviaUniversity of California Cooperative Extension, Salinas, CA 93901, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5327-154X
Jocelyn G MillarDepartments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7639-9001
Kent M DaaneDepartment of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8052-1954

Funding

California Alfalfa Seed Production BoardCalifornia Cotton Growers AssociationCalifornia Strawberry Commission
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The mirid bugs Lygus hesperus (Knight) and L. elisus (van Duzee) are key pests of forage, fiber, and fruit crops. Our goals were to identify pheromone components produced by females of both species and to develop practical pheromone dispensers for use in monitoring these pests. Volatiles collected from virgin female L. elisus contained (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate (E2HB) as the major component with lesser amounts of hexyl butyrate (HB) and (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal (E4OH) (ratio 117.2:100:17.1, respectively), whereas volatiles and solvent extracts from L. hesperus contained HB and E4OH as major components, with only small amounts of E2HB (100:23.6:3.4, respectively in volatiles). Dispensers fabricated from pipette tips released the components at ~10 µg/d in a ratio similar to the loading ratio. These lures were used to optimize the pheromone blends in field studies from 2012 to 2017. Blends of E2HB and E4OH attracted L. elisus, and a 100:60 blend was optimal. Blends of HB and E4OH attracted L. hesperus, and a 100:60 blend was adopted as a base blend. The additions of possible minor components such as (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenal, or 1-hexanol did not improve the attraction of L. hesperus. In trials in alfalfa and strawberry, traps baited with blends of HB:E4OH (100:60) were equally or more effective for monitoring L. hesperus than sweep or vacuum samples, with pipette tip dispensers lasting 2-3 weeks under field conditions. The numbers of L. hesperus captured were lower than expected as compared with reports of pheromone trapping for other Lygus spp. Some possible reasons were investigated.

Indexed as

HeteropteraInsect ControlPheromonesAnimalsFemaleinsect attractantsPheromones(E)-2-hexenyl butyrate(E)-4-oxo-2-hexenalhexyl butyratemonitoringpale legume bugsticky cardswestern tarnished plant bug

Identifiers

PMID39574341
PMCPMC11818382

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.