Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39574084›Full record

ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2024

Swimmer arm-to-shoulder test for early differentiation between shoulder and cervical spine pathology in patients with shoulder pain.

Hesham Hamoud, Hany Aly, Yasser A Elmotaleb, Mohamad M Ghit, Ahmad Mosalam, Tarek M Nasrallah, Saad M El Zokm, Ibrahim Fawzy, Abdelwahab N Bayoumy, Maha S Mohamed and 10 more

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Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Hesham HamoudRheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt. Hamoud.hesham@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1256-0588
Hany AlyRheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Yasser A ElmotalebRheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Mohamad M GhitRheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Ahmad MosalamRheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt.
Tarek M NasrallahRheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.
Saad M El ZokmRheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.
Ibrahim FawzyRheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Abdelwahab N BayoumyRheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Maha S MohamedRheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Seham A ElazabRheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Amal M ElmesiryRheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Eman A RagehRheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Mai A MoussaRheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Ahmed ElyasakiPhysical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Sherif RefaatRheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Ahmed M ElhilasyRadiology Department, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt.
Ahmed M El DeebRadiology Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
Walid ElshaitanyOrthopedic Department, Benha Scientific Hospital, Benha, Egypt.
Ashraf EltabieyAshraf Eltabiey, Orthopedic Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSeveral tests have been suggested for screening and diagnosis of cervical spine and shoulder girdle conditions underlying shoulder pain with variable degrees of clinical accuracy. The present study aimed to test the reliability, clinical benefit and screening value of the Swimmer Arm-to-Shoulder (SAS) test; a new clinical test developed to differentiate shoulder impingement from cervical radiculopathy in patients with shoulder pain of ≤ 12 weeks.

methodsThe study included 718 patients aged 40-65 years, with unilateral and localized shoulder girdle pain lasting for ≤ 12 weeks. Diagnosis based on clinical, electromyography and radiological findings was considered as the reference gold standard for test assessment.

resultsClinical diagnosis identified shoulder pathology in 288 patients (40.1%) and cervical spine pathology in 430 patients (59.9%). SAS test was positive in 274 patients (38.2%). The SAS test proved to be effective in distinguishing shoulder from cervical spine pathology with a sensitivity of 89.2% (95% CI: 85.0-92.6%), specificity of 96.1% (95% CI: 93.8-97.7%), PPV of 93.8% (95% CI: 90.5-96.0%), NPV of 93.0% (95% CI: 90.5-94.9%), LR + of 22.6% (95% CI: 14.1-36.0%), LR- of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.08-0.16) and accuracy of 93.3% (95% CI: 91.2-95.0%).

conclusionsSAS test is an easy to perform, patient dependent and reliable as a screening test and diagnosis confirmatory test.

Indexed as

Cervical VertebraeShoulder PainAdultAgedDiagnosis, DifferentialFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRadiculopathyReproducibility of ResultsShoulder Impingement SyndromeSwimmingCervical spineProvocative testsShoulder impingementShoulder pain

Identifiers

PMID39574084
PMCPMC11580640

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.