ArticleBMC public health2024
Occupational risks of COVID-19: a case-cohort study using health insurance claims data in Germany.
Article in BMC public health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Investigating Factors Associated with Employees' Attitudes Towards Work-Related Infection Control Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study from Seven Different Companies in Germany, July-August 2021.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Can pre-existing medical conditions explain occupational differences in COVID-19 disease severity? An analysis of 3.17 million people insured in Germany.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection risk by non-healthcare occupations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England) · 2025Review
- Temporal changes in occupational risks of COVID-19 hospitalisation in Germany, 2020-2021: a case-cohort study.BMJ public health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundStudies on occupation and COVID-19 infection that cover a range of occupational groups and adjust for important confounders are lacking. This study aimed to estimate occupational risks of hospitalization with COVID-19 by taking into account sociodemographic factors and previous comorbidities.
methodsWe applied a case-cohort design using workers insured with one of Germany's largest statutory health insurers as a data source for occupational and demographical information as well as for information on comorbidities. Cox regression models with denominator weights for cases and controls assessed relative risks of hospitalization with COVID-19 in 2020.
resultsThe study consisted of 11,202 COVID-19 cases and 249,707 non-cases. After adjusting for age, sex, number of pre-existing comorbidities, and socioeconomic status, we found at least doubled risks for occupations in theology and church work (HR = 3.05; 95% CI 1.93-4.82), occupations in healthcare (HR = 2.74; 95% CI 2.46-3.05), for bus and tram divers (HR = 2.46; 95% CI 2.04-2.97), occupations in meat processing (HR = 2.16; 95% CI 1.57-2.98), and professional drivers in passenger transport (e.g. taxi drivers) (HR = 2.00; 95% CI 1.59-2.51). In addition, occupations in property marketing and management, social workers, laboratory workers, occupations in personal care (e.g. hairdressers), occupations in housekeeping and occupations in gastronomy all had statistically significantly increased risks compared to the reference population (administrative workers).
conclusionsWe identified occupations with increased risks for hospitalization with COVID-19. For those having a doubled risk it can be assumed that COVID-19 diseases are predominantly occupationally related. By identifying high-risk occupations in non-healthcare professions, effective measures to prevent infections in the workplace can be developed, also in case of a future pandemic.
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