ReviewExperimental physiology2025
Respiratory system responses to a maximal apnoea.
Review in Experimental physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Resistance Respiratory Training on Respiratory Muscle Strength in Healthy Active Individuals.Muscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cumulative oxidative and inflammatory responses to repeated depth training in breath-hold divers: a multiparametric field study.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Dynamics of Preparatory Apneas and Their Influence on Maximal Dry Static Apnea in Breath-Hold Divers.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- The physiological effects of breath-holding during high-intensity exercise.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Respiratory system responses to a maximal apnoea.Experimental physiology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A maximal apnoea provides significant challenges to one's physiological systems, including significantly altered arterial blood gases, and requires a highly integrative response from multiple systems, that is, changes in blood pressure, maintenance of cerebral blood flow, etc. Previous work and reviews have focused on the cardiovascular responses to a maximal apnoea, but very little work has focused upon the responses of the respiratory muscles and respiratory mechanics. This is important because of the changes to arterial blood gases leading to an increased drive to breath and the appearance of involuntary respiratory muscle contractions. This review outlines what is known about how the respiratory system responds to a maximal apnoea. We put forth the hypothesis that the respiratory muscles may become fatigued following a maximal apnoea and that the respiratory muscles of elite divers may be more fatigue-resistant, which could be an important feature of these individuals which allows them to be successful in this sport. Finally, we provide direction for future work to explore the long-term health of apnoea diving.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.