Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39572166›Full record

Trial reportRegional anesthesia and pain medicine2026

Clinical study of a micro-implantable pulse generator for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain: 12-month results from the COMFORT-randomized controlled trial.

John Hatheway, Alexander Hersel, Mitchell Engle, Genaro Gutierrez, Vishal Khemlani, Leonardo Kapural, Gregory Moore, Reginald Ajakwe, Drew Trainor, Jennifer Hah and 6 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in Regional anesthesia and pain medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05287373 (Clinical Study Of a Micro-Implantable Pulse Generator For The Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05287373 naactive not recruitingnot on this map

Clinical Study Of a Micro-Implantable Pulse Generator For The Treatment of Peripheral Neuropathic Pain

TypeinterventionalSponsorNalu Medical, Inc.Ran2022 to 2026Enrolled89ConditionsPeripheral Neuralgia, Chronic PainArmsNalu Neurostimulation System for PNS, conventional medical management
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Observational
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

John HathewayPain Management, Northwest Pain Care, Spokane, Washington, USA.
Alexander HerselPain Management, Pain Management and Injury Relief, Thousand Oaks, California, USA.
Mitchell EngleInstitute of Precision Pain Medicine, Corpus Christi, Texas, USA.
Genaro GutierrezPain Management, Pain Specialists of America, Austin, Texas, USA.
Vishal KhemlaniPain Management, Columbia Pain Management, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Leonardo KapuralCarolinas Pain Institute, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Gregory MoorePacific Sports and Spine, Eugene, Oregon, USA.
Reginald AjakweComprehensive Spine & Pain, Burbank, California, USA.
Drew TrainorDenver Spine and Pain Institute, Denver, Colorado, USA.
Jennifer HahStanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9739-3968
Peter S StaatsPremier Pain Ctr, Shrewsbury, New Jersey, USA.
James MakousMakous Research LLC, Carlsbad, California, USA.
Gary HeitDept. of Neurosurgery, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue, Viet Nam.
Shilpa KottalgiNalu Medical Inc, Carlsbad, California, USA skottalgi@nalumed.com.ORCID 0000-0001-6686-3587
Mehul J DesaiInternational Spine, Pain, & Performance Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6870-9436
COMFORT Study Group

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThere is paucity of data from randomized controlled trials supporting the use of peripheral nerve stimulation, a well-established therapy for the treatment of chronic pain. This study was undertaken, in part, to provide randomized controlled trial data in support of patient access to appropriate peripheral nerve stimulation therapy. The COMFORT study is the first large, postmarket, multicenter randomized controlled trials investigating the use of a Food and Drug Administration-cleared micro-implantable pulse generator (IPG) for treating chronic pain via peripheral nerve stimulation therapy.

methodsConsented, eligible subjects were randomized to either the active arm, which received peripheral nerve stimulation and conventional medical management, or the control arm, which received conventional medical management alone and were allowed to cross over to the active arm, after 3 months. Pain and patient-reported outcomes were captured. Therapy responders were subjects who achieved at least a 50% reduction in pain scores compared with baseline. We are reporting the 12-month results of this 36-month study.

resultsAt 12 months, the responder rate was 87% with a 69% average reduction in pain compared with baseline (7.5±1.2 to 2.3±1.7; p<0.001). Statistical significance was achieved for all patient-reported outcomes. There was an excellent safety profile with no serious adverse device effects or reports of pocket pain. A majority of subjects used unique programming options and found this device easy to use and comfortable to wear.

conclusionsThese 12-month results are consistent with previously reported 6-month outcomes from this study, showing durability of peripheral nerve stimulation treatment with the micro-IPG system; subjects realized sustained large reduction in pain and improvement in patient-reported outcomes following treatment with this micro-IPG system. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05287373.

Indexed as

Chronic PainElectric Stimulation TherapyElectrodes, ImplantedImplantable NeurostimulatorsNeuralgiaAdultAgedEquipment DesignFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPain MeasurementTime FactorsTreatment OutcomeCHRONIC PAINNeuralgiaPeripheral Nerve Injuries

Identifiers

PMID39572166
PMCPMC13018827

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.