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ArticleJMIR human factors2024

German Version of the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire and Derived Short Questionnaires for Usability and Perceived Usefulness in Health Care Assessment in Telehealth and Digital Therapeutics: Instrument Validation Study.

Jannik Zimmermann, Harriet Morf, Florian Scharf, Johannes Knitza, Heidi Moeller, Felix Muehlensiepen, Michaela Nathrath, Till Orlemann, Thomas Voelker, Merlin Deckers

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR human factors, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07716475 (A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of At-Home Rehabilitation Gait Training Using a Hip-assisted Wearable Robot in Stroke Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07716475 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of At-Home Rehabilitation Gait Training Using a Hip-assisted Wearable Robot in Stroke Patients: An Investigator-Initiated, Single-Center, Single-Arm Exploratory Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorYonsei UniversityRan2026 to 2027Enrolled8ConditionsStrokeArmship-assisted wearable robot
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Jannik Zimmermann *Department of Psychology - Theory and Methodology of Counseling, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6661-5890
Harriet Morf *Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6688-2155
Florian ScharfDepartment of Psychology - Psychological Research Methods, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1659-4774
Johannes KnitzaInstitute for Digital Medicine, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9695-0657
Heidi MoellerDepartment of Psychology - Theory and Methodology of Counseling, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-8965-7089
Felix MuehlensiepenAGEIS, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.ORCID 0000-0001-8571-7286
Michaela NathrathPalliative Care Team for Children Kassel, Kassel, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1584-1115
Till OrlemannDepartment of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU), Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9856-4415
Thomas VoelkerPalliative Care Team for Children Kassel, Kassel, Germany.ORCID 0009-0004-4461-1660
Merlin DeckersPalliative Care Team for Children Kassel, Kassel, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8028-4581

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe exponential growth of telehealth is revolutionizing health care delivery, but its evaluation has not matched the pace of its uptake. Various forms of assessment, from single-item to more extensive questionnaires, have been used to assess telehealth and digital therapeutics and their usability. The most frequently used questionnaire is the "Telehealth Usability Questionnaire" (TUQ). The use of the TUQ is limited by its restricted availability in languages other than English and its feasibility.

objectiveThe aims of this study were to create a translated German TUQ version and to derive a short questionnaire for patients-"Telehealth Usability and Perceived Usefulness Short Questionnaire for patients" (TUUSQ).

methodsAs a first step, the original 21-item TUQ was forward and back-translated twice. In the second step, 13 TUQ items were selected for their suitability for the general evaluation of telehealth on the basis of expert opinion. These 13 items were surveyed between July 2022 and September 2023 in 4 studies with patients and family members of palliative care, as well as patients with chronic autoimmune diseases, evaluating 13 health care apps, including digital therapeutics and a telehealth system (n1=128, n2=220, n3=30, and n4=12). Psychometric exploratory factor analysis was conducted.

resultsThe analysis revealed that a parsimonious factor structure with 2 factors ("perceived usefulness in health care" and "usability") is sufficient to describe the patient's perception. Consequently, the questionnaire could be shortened to 6 items without compromising its informativeness.

conclusionsWe provide a linguistically precise German version of the TUQ for assessing the usability and perceived usefulness of telehealth. Beyond that, we supply a highly feasible shortened version that is versatile for general use in telehealth, mobile health, and digital therapeutics, which distinguishes between the 2 factors "perceived usefulness in health care" and "usability" in patients.

trial registrationGerman Clinical Trials Register DRKS00030546; https://drks.de/search/de/trial/DRKS00030546.

Indexed as

PsychometricsTelemedicineAdultAgedFemaleGermanyHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient SatisfactionReproducibility of ResultsSurveys and QuestionnairesTranslatingautoimmune chronic diseasesdigital therapeuticsfeasibilityGermanmHealthmobile healthNet Promoter ScaleNPSquestionnairequestionnaire translationquestionnaire validationtechnology acceptance modeltelehealththerapeuticsusabilityusefulnessvalidity

Identifiers

PMID39571151
PMCPMC11621722

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.