SynthesisInterventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences2026
Safety and efficacy of newer liquid embolic agents Squid and PHIL in endovascular embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations and dural arteriovenous fistulas: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Interventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Liquid embolic agents-a practical overview.CVIR endovascular · 2026Review
- Arteriovenous fistula after temporomandibular joint arthroscopy treated with precipitating hydrophobic injectable liquid: case report and literature review.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2026Review
- Transvenous curative embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations using extra-low viscosityInterventional neuroradiology : journal of peritherapeutic neuroradiology, surgical procedures and related neurosciences · 2025Article
- Personalized peripheral vascular interventional embolization for tumor: tailoring treatment to improve outcomes.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Microsurgical management of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: Treating the "Sheep in Wolf's clothing"? - Three decades of experience and lessons learned.Brain & spine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BackgroundA wide range of liquid embolic agents has been used in endovascular treatment (EVT) of dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) and cerebral arteriovenous malformations (cAVMs). Newer liquid embolics, Squid (Balt) and PHIL (MicroVention), aim to improve the safety and efficacy of EVT of dAVFs and cAVMs.ObjectiveTo assess the safety and efficacy of EVT of cAVMs and dAVFs using Squid or PHIL as an embolic agent.MethodsWe searched major databases following PRISMA guidelines and included studies with ≥ five patients reporting on EVT of dAVFs and/or cAVMs using Squid or PHIL as embolic agent. We analyzed efficacy outcomes including complete occlusion, incomplete occlusion, and recurrence at follow up, and safety outcomes including procedure-related complications, morbidity, and mortality with a random-effects meta-analysis. Separate analyses were performed for cAVMs and dAVFs. Subanalyses were conducted for studies exclusively utilizing PHIL and those exclusively utilizing Squid, for both cAVMs and dAVFs.ResultsTen studies, comprising 214 patients (53.7% male), were found. Of these, 113 patients had 113 dAVFs, while 101 patients had 101 cAVMs. Complete occlusion rates following embolization were 91% for dAVFs and 32% for cAVMs. A subanalysis of dAVFs embolized solely with Squid and PHIL identified 93% and 86% complete occlusion rates, respectively. The overall procedure-related permanent morbidity rate was 3% for dAVFs and 7% for cAVMs. There was only one procedure-related mortality, which developed in a cAVM case, across 214 cases.ConclusionSquid and PHIL are safe and effective embolic agents for treatment of dAVFs and cAVMs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.