ArticleBMC psychiatry2024
Association between Weight-Adjusted Waist Index and Depression in NAFLD: the modulating roles of sex and BMI.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between weight-adjusted waist index and depression in adults with diabetes: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Association of weight-adjusted waist index with preserved ratio impaired spirometry and all-cause mortality.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Identification of immune and major depressive disorder-related diagnostic markers for early nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by WGCNA and machine learning.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Nonlinear Association Between BMI and Depression Among Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: NHANES (2017-2018).Behavioural neurology · 2025Article
- Association of lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio with cerebral small vessel disease: a cross-sectional study based on dose-response analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
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8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Weight-Adjusted Waist Index (WWI) is a novel indicator of obesity that accurately reflects body composition. However, the association between WWI and depression in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. This study aims to explore this relationship through a nationally representative cross-sectional analysis.
methodsThis study included adult participants diagnosed with NAFLD from NHANES 2017-2020. WWI was calculated as the waist circumference (cm) divided by the square root of body weight (kg). NAFLD diagnosis relied on vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) with a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) exceeding 248 dB/m to indicate hepatic steatosis. Depression was assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), with scores ≥ 10 indicating the presence of major depression.
resultsAfter adjusting for all covariates, a significant positive association was found between WWI and depression in NAFLD (OR = 1.725, 95% CI: 1.442-2.063, p < 0.00001), with a dose-response relationship indicated by restricted cubic spline analysis. The association was stronger in men and lean/normal weight NAFLD patients. Adjusting further for BMI did not alter these findings (OR = 1.643, 95% CI: 1.357-1.989, p < 0.00001). BMI's association with depression was negated after adjusting for WWI.
conclusionsWWI had a positive association with depression in NAFLD, independent of BMI. This association was more pronounced in men and lean/normal weight NAFLD. These findings suggest that WWI may be a novel indicator of depression in NAFLD and potentially valuable in depression prevention.
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