ArticleThe EMBO journal2025
Molecular condensation of the CO/NF-YB/NF-YC/FT complex gates floral transition in Arabidopsis.
Article in The EMBO journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vernalization regulatory network identifies potential novel functions for genes in the HvVRN2 locus.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Small molecules modulate the biomolecular condensates and liquid‒liquid phase separation.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Prediction of plant phase-separating proteins using positive-unlabeled learning.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Multifaceted roles of BBX transcription factors: impacts on key agronomical traits and environmental resilience.The New phytologist · 2026Review
- Genome-wide identification of CONSTANS-LIKE genes and functional analysis of FaCOL57 and FaCOL59 in regulating anthocyanin and sugar synthesis in cultivated strawberry.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Transcriptional outputs and condensates - formation and function.The New phytologist · 2026Review
- 3D epigenome architecture orchestrates cis and trans regulation of flowering time in rice.Genome biology · 2026Article
- The discovery of twilight length sensing in plants and its implications for models of plant photoperiodism.The New phytologist · 2026Review
- Nuclear factor-Y transcription factors in crops: Biological roles, regulation, and breeding applications.Plant communications · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Analysis ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Salinity Stress Induces Phase Separation of Plant BARENTSZ to Form Condensates.Rice (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
- Phase Separation: Orchestrating Biological Adaptations to Environmental Fluctuations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The plant master photoperiodic regulator CONSTANS (CO) interacts with Nuclear Factor-Y subunits B2 (NF-YB2) and C9 (NF-YC9) and transcriptionally activates the florigen gene FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), regulating floral transition. However, the molecular mechanism of the functional four-component complex assembly in the nucleus remains elusive. We report that co-phase separation of CO with NF-YB2/NF-YC9/FT precisely controls heterogeneous CO assembly and FT transcriptional activation. In response to light signals, CO proteins form functional percolation clusters from a diffuse distribution in a B-box-motif-dependent manner. Multivalent coassembly with NF-YC9 and NF-YB2 prevents inhibitory condensate formation and is necessary to maintain proper CO assembly and material properties. The intrinsically disordered region (IDR) of NF-YC9, containing a polyglutamine motif, fine-tunes the functional properties of CO/NF-YB/NF-YC condensates. Specific FT promoter recognition with polyelectrolyte partitioning also enables the fluidic functional properties of CO/NF-YB/NF-YC/FT condensates. Our findings offer novel insights into the tunable macromolecular condensation of the CO/NF-YB/NF-YC/FT complex in controlling flowering in the photoperiod control.
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