ArticleDiscover oncology2024
Changes in the tumor microenvironment in recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its implication on efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Article in Discover oncology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07211139 (Head and Neck Advanced Research for Multi-Omics and Optimized Immunotherapy), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Head and Neck Advanced Research for Multi-Omics and Optimized Immunotherapy(HARMONI)
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of neck nodal yield on immune checkpoint inhibitor outcome after recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- CCDC86 modulates immune cell infiltration and disease progression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Predictive role of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immune phenotype for pembrolizumab in relapsed or refractory thymic carcinoma.Journal of thoracic disease · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Little is known about changes in the abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and immune phenotype (IP) in recurrent and/or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We aimed to compare the TILs and IP between initial and recurrent HNSCCs using paired analysis. Thirty-seven patients who experienced recurrence after surgical resection and received treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) between June 2014 and June 2023 were included. Changes in intratumoral TIL (iTILs), stromal TIL (sTILs), and IPs were subjected to paired analysis between the initial and recurrent tumors. We investigated their relationship with the outcomes of ICIs. The density of iTIL and sTIL in the recurrent tumors was significantly lower compared to initial tumors. IP was significantly different; the proportion of desert IP was higher in recurrent tumors (83.8% vs. 35.1%, P < 0.001). Increased sTIL was a favorable indicator for overall response to ICIs and progression-free survival. Our findings suggest TILs decrease during recurrence compared with the initial tumor, resulting in a transition toward desert IP. Therefore, careful evaluation of TIL density in both initial and recurrent tumors is recommended when using ICIs in patients with R/M HNSCC.
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Registered trials
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