ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2025
The association of where patients with prostate cancer live and receive care on racial treatment inequities.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Racial Differences in Secondary Treatment Pathways and Survival in Localized Prostate Cancer.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Article
- Diversity, equity, and inclusion as scientific rigor: progress during challenging times.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Article
- Forecasting Trends in Androgen Deprivation Therapy Intensification for Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Population-Based Cohort and Time-Series Analysis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBlack individuals are less likely to be treated for prostate cancer even though they are more than twice as likely to die compared with White individuals. The complex causes of these inequities are influenced by social and structural factors, including racism, which contribute to the differential delivery of care. This study investigates how factors related to the location of where individuals live and receive care affect treatment inequities for prostate cancer between Black and White individuals. We hypothesize that both location and race independently influence treatment inequities.
methodsWe used data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry linked to Medicare claims to estimate the treatment inequity, as defined by differences in radiation or radical prostatectomy. Fixed effects at the physician, hospital, and patient ZIP code levels were incorporated to adjust for all time-invariant factors at these levels.
resultsThe results indicate that residential location-related factors explain only half of the treatment inequity, whereas provider- and hospital-level factors do not significantly account for disparities. Even after accounting for all time-invariant factors, significant differences in treatment rates persist.
conclusionsThe study highlights the importance of understanding race as a social construct and racism as a systemic and structural phenomenon in addressing treatment inequities. These findings provide a necessary step toward understanding equitable care and designing interventions to solve this inequity.
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Registered trials
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