ArticleBiomaterials research2024
Water-Dispersible and Biocompatible Polymer-Based Organic Upconversion Nanoparticles for Transdermal Delivery.
Article in Biomaterials research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Preparation Method of Upconversion Nanoparticles and Its Biological Application.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Smart Biomaterials for Delivery of Drugs and Cells.Biomaterials research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Photomedicine, which utilizes light for therapeutic purposes, has several hurdles such as limited tissue penetration for short-wavelength light and inadequate deep tissue efficacy for long-wavelength light. Photon energy upconversion (UC) reveals promise in photomedicine because it enables the conversion of lower-energy photons into higher-energy photon. Lanthanide (Ln)-based inorganic UC system has been extensively studied but faces challenges, including high excitation laser power density, intrinsically subpar UC quantum efficiency, and potential biotoxicity. Recently, an organic-based triplet-triplet annihilation UC (TTA-UC) system has emerged as a novel UC system due to its prolonged emission lifetime upon low power laser excitation and exceptional UC quantum yield. In this study, we developed water-dispersible hyaluronic acid (HA)-conjugated polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles loaded with TTA-UC chromophores (HA-PCL/UC NPs), which allow deeper tissue penetration by converting red light (635 nm) into blue light (470 nm) for noninvasive transdermal delivery. HA-PCL/UC NPs demonstrated a 1.6% high quantum yield in distilled water, improved cellular imaging in HeLa cells, and effectively penetrated the deep tissue of porcine skin, showing upconverted blue light. Our strategy holds significant potential as a next-generation noninvasive photomedicine platform for bioimaging, photo-triggered drug delivery, and photodynamic therapy, ultimately advancing targeted and effective therapeutic interventions.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.