ArticleOrthopaedic journal of sports medicine2024
Comparison of Elbow Flexion in Youth Baseball Pitchers With and Without Throwing-Arm Pain.
Article in Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: More than half of all youth baseball pitchers report throwing-related pain in their throwing arm throughout a season. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in elbow flexion throughout the pitching cycle between youth baseball pitchers with and without throwing-arm pain. It was hypothesized that pitchers with throwing-arm pain would have decreased elbow flexion throughout the pitching cycle compared with those who were pain-free. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A total of 38 youth baseball pitchers (mean age, 13.3 ± 1.7 years; height, 164.4 ± 12.9 cm; weight, 57.1 ± 14 kg) were retrospectively selected from a database. Based on responses to a health history questionnaire, the pitchers were placed into a pain group if they indicated they were experiencing throwing-arm pain. Pitchers who indicated they were not experiencing throwing-arm pain were matched according to age, height, and weight to the pain group. All pitchers threw 3 fastballs to a catcher at the regulation distance. The mean elbow flexion of the 3 trials was used during analysis to investigate peak elbow flexion and time-normalized (0%-100%) elbow flexion across the pitch cycle (stride-foot contact to ball release). Elbow flexion was compared between the pain and pain-free groups using 1-dimensional statistical nonparametric mapping, and the mean peak elbow flexion between groups was compared using the Mann-Whitney Results: No significant differences were observed between the groups in elbow flexion throughout the pitching cycle ( Conclusion: Study findings indicated no significant differences in elbow flexion between youth baseball pitchers with versus without throwing-arm pain, unlike previous research reporting that pitchers with a history of medial elbow pain had altered elbow flexion and higher pitch velocities compared with those without a history of pain. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians should consider other potential factors related to throwing-arm pain beyond elbow flexion. Moreover, it is advisable to focus on evidence-based modifiable factors shown to increase the risk of pain and injury in youth pitchers, such as exceeding pitch counts, number of innings pitched, increased training time, range-of-motion, and strength deficits.
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