ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2024
Enterovirus D68: Genomic and Clinical Comparison of 2 Seasons of Increased Viral Circulation and Discrepant Incidence of Acute Flaccid Myelitis-Maryland, USA.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genomic surveillance of enterovirus D68 circulating in 2025 reveals the emergence of a novel A2/B3 recombinant lineage.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Acute Flaccid Myelitis Surveillance - United States, January 2020-December 2025.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2026Article
- Genomic Evolution of Influenza A Virus During the 2024-2025 Season, the Johns Hopkins Health System: Antigenic Drift Reduces Serum Neutralization.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Enterovirus D68 B3 clade strains are efficiently recovered from cDNA infectious clones in 293T cells and infect human spinal cord organoids.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of the Enterovirus D68 Outbreak in Spain in 2024.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Circulation Patterns, Genetic Diversity, and Public Health Implications of Enterovirus D68, Europe, 2014-2024.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Clinical Characteristics and Severity of Rhinovirus/Enterovirus-Associated Hospitalizations: A Multicountry Analysis From the Global Influenza Hospital Surveillance Network, 2017-2024.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Respiratory viral infections in professional ice hockey teams-a one-season observational study.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Enterovirus-D68-Neglected Pathogen in Acute Respiratory Infections: Insights from Croatia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Prevalence and epidemiology of enterovirus species in a pediatric oncology patient population.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2025Article
- Article
- Sialic Acid-Containing Glycolipids Extend the Receptor Repertoire of Enterovirus-D68.ACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Enhanced genomic surveillance of enteroviruses reveals a surge in enterovirus D68 cases, the Johns Hopkins health system, Maryland, 2024.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Return of the Biennial Circulation of Enterovirus D68 in Colorado Children in 2024 Following the Large 2022 Outbreak.Viruses · 2025Article
- [The unremitting threat: enterovirus D68, acute flaccid myelitis, and epidemiological surveillance].Revista espanola de salud publica · 2025Article
- Coxsackievirus A24 variant whole genome sequencing from clinical samples using a three overlapping amplicons strategy.Wellcome open research · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is associated with severe respiratory disease and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). The 2022 outbreaks showed increased viral circulation and hospital admissions, but the expected rise in AFM cases did not occur. We analyzed EV-D68 genomes and infection outcomes from 2022 (a year without a national increase in AFM cases) and 2018 (a year with a national surge in AFM cases) to understand how viral genomic changes might influence disease outcomes. Methods: Residual respiratory samples that tested positive for rhinovirus/enterovirus at the Johns Hopkins Health System between 2018 and 2022 were collected for EV-D68 polymerase chain reaction, genotyping, and whole genome sequencing. Clinical and metadata were collected in bulk from the electronic medical records. Results: A total of 351 EV-D68 cases were identified, with most cases in children aged <5 years. Infections in 2018 were associated with higher odds of hospital admissions and intensive care unit care. Of 272 EV-D68 genomes, subclades B3 and A2/D1 were identified with B3 predominance (95.2%). A comparative analysis of the 2018 and 2022 whole genomes identified a cluster of amino acids (554D, 650T, 918T, 945N, 1445I, 1943I) that was associated with higher odds of severe outcomes. Conclusions: Our results show significant differences in the clinical outcomes of EV-D68 infections in 2018 and 2022 and highlight a 2018 cluster of genomic changes associated with these differences. Seasonal viral genomic surveillance-with in vitro characterization of the significance of these changes to viral fitness, immune responses, and neuropathogenesis-should shed light on the viral determinants of AFM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.