ArticleCureus2024
Short-Term Outcomes in Patients With Coexistence of COVID-19 Infection and Vitamin D Deficiency: A Large Cohort Study.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Predictive Factors for COVID-19 Severity in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis: Real-World Data from the Romanian Registry of Rheumatic Diseases.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Observational
- Major adverse kidney events among chronic kidney disease patients with vitamin D deficiency.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionVitamin D deficiency (VDD) is prevalent worldwide and may influence the severity of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the association between VDD and 30-day clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the TriNetX database, which includes de-identified electronic health records of approximately 155 million patients from 131 healthcare organizations globally. Adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with their first documented COVID-19 infection between January 2022 and September 2024 were included. Patients were categorized based on their vitamin D status within three months prior to COVID-19 diagnosis: those with documented VDD (VDD group) and those without (controls). Outcomes assessed were all-cause mortality, all-cause hospitalization, the requirement for critical care services, and a composite outcome of these events at 30-day follow-up. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to balance covariates such as age, sex, race, and comorbidities between the groups. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox regression analysis.
resultsAfter PSM, the study included 68,814 patients, with 34,407 in both the VDD and control groups. VDD was associated with a slight but statistically significant increase in the hazard of experiencing the composite outcome (HR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10, P = 0.02). There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.92-1.22, P = 0.42) or all-cause hospitalization (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96-1.05, P = 0.80) between the groups. However, patients with VDD had a significantly higher hazard of requiring critical care services compared to controls (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.16-1.41, P < 0.01).
conclusionVitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of requiring critical care services among COVID-19 patients, suggesting that VDD may contribute to greater disease severity. These findings underscore the potential importance of assessing and managing vitamin D deficiency in patients with COVID-19 to improve clinical outcomes.
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