ArticleMolecular vision2024
Increased inflammatory mediators in the ocular surface tissue in keratoconus.
Article in Molecular vision, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Mendelian randomization and genetic analyses reveal causal roles of immune cells and inflammatory proteins in keratoconus.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Tear Film Inflammatory Biomarkers in Keratoconus: Insights into Disease Severity and Diagnostic Potential.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2026Observational
- Tear cytokine profiles between children with allergic conjunctivitis at varying eye rubbing frequencies and keratoconus: A cross-sectional study.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Clinical Assessment of Dry Eye Disease in Patients with Keratoconus in Saudi Arabia.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The microenvironment of ocular surface in keratoconus: a systematic review.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Review
- Persistent Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile in the Tear Fluid of Stable Keratoconus: Rethinking Clinical Quiescence.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Investigation of postmortem change in the human corneal epithelium via impression cytology.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to characterize the inflammatory mediators present in the tear film of patients with keratoconus (KC). It also aimed to investigate the gene expression of these mediators in corneal epithelial cells and their immune activity in conjunctival epithelial cells in patients with KC compared to a control group. Methods: This transversal study included 30 patients with KC and 23 control group participants. Tear samples were collected by washing the ocular surface with 60 μL of sterile buffered saline solution. The levels of interleukin IL-5, IL-13, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and IL-4 were measured using a LEGEND plex HU Th1/Th2 panel kit and analyzed using flow cytometry. Corneal epithelial samples were obtained via manual keratectomy from KC patients scheduled for corneal crosslinking and from individuals scheduled for photorefractive keratectomy (control group). These samples were immediately stored at -70 °C for mRNA extraction and subsequent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis to measure Results: Our study found no statistically significant differences in the tear film cytokine concentrations between the two groups. In addition, the gene expression of Conclusions: In this study, despite higher levels of IL-5 and IL-6 in the tear film of patients with KC, there was no statistically significant difference compared to the control group. However, there was heightened immune activity in the corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells of patients with KC based on IL-5 and IL-6 gene expression and their immunodetection, respectively.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39563679PMC11575844What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.