Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39563421›Full record

ArticleDento maxillo facial radiology2025

Gray values and noise behavior of cone-beam computed tomography machines-an in vitro study.

Nicolly Oliveira-Santos, Hugo Gaêta-Araujo, Rubens Spin-Neto, Dorothea Dagassan-Berndt, Michael M Bornstein, Matheus L Oliveira, Francisco Haiter-Neto, Deborah Q Freitas, Ralf Schulze

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Article in Dento maxillo facial radiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Nicolly Oliveira-SantosDepartment of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, Division of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-1292-3852
Hugo Gaêta-AraujoDepartment of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Dentistry, Division of Oral Radiology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, 14040-904, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0001-5087-5022
Rubens Spin-NetoDepartment of Dentistry and Oral Health, Section for Oral Radiology and Endodontics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark.ORCID 0000-0002-9562-0610
Dorothea Dagassan-BerndtCenter for Dental Imaging, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-1109-8763
Michael M BornsteinDepartment of Oral Health and Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Basel, 4058, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-7773-8957
Matheus L OliveiraDepartment of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, 13414-903, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-8054-8759
Francisco Haiter-NetoDepartment of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, 13414-903, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-5610-8307
Deborah Q FreitasDepartment of Oral Diagnosis, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, 13414-903, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-1425-5966
Ralf SchulzeDepartment of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, Division of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, 3010, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-7880-0046

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo systematically evaluate the mean gray values (MGVs) and noise provided by bone and soft tissue equivalent materials and air imaged with varied acquisition parameters in 9 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) machines.

methodsThe DIN6868-161 phantom, composed of bone and soft tissue equivalent material and air gap, was scanned in 9 CBCT machines. Tube current (mA) and tube voltage (kV), field of view (FOV) size, and rotation angle were varied over the possible range. The effect of the acquisition parameters on the MGV and contrast-to-noise indicator (CNI) was analyzed by Kruskal Wallis and Dunn-Bonferroni tests for each machine independently (α = 0.05).

resultsTube current did not influence MGV in most machines. Viso G7 and Veraview X800 presented a decrease in the MGV for increasing kV. For ProMax 3D Max and X1, the kV did not affect the MGV. For the majority of machines, MGV decreased with increasing FOV height. In general, the rotation angle did not affect the MGV. In addition, CNI was lower with lower radiation and large FOV and did not change from 80 kV in all machines.

conclusionsThe MGV and noise provided by the tested phantom vary largely among machines. The MGV is mainly influenced by the FOV size, especially for bone equivalent radiodensity. For most machines, when the acquisition parameters affect the MGV, the MGV decrease with the increase in the acquisition parameters.

Indexed as

Cone-Beam Computed TomographyPhantoms, ImagingSignal-To-Noise RatioBone and BonesFasciaImage EnhancementCBCTcone-beam computed tomographygray valuesimagingphantoms

Identifiers

PMID39563421
PMCPMC11784915

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.