Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39563299›Full record

ArticleBMC psychiatry2024

Determinant factors and coping strategies for depression among pregnant women: an intervention-based qualitative study in Lahore, Pakistan.

Quratulain Ahsan, Javeria Saleem, Muhammad Ishaq, Rubeena Zakar, Saira Abbas, Ruhma Shahzad, Sohail Mahmood Khan, Florian Fischer

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in BMC psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04663243 (Effectiveness of Thinking Healthy Program for Prevention of Antenatal Depression to Improve Maternal Health, Pakistan), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04663243 nacompletednot on this map

Effectiveness of Thinking Healthy Program for Prevention of Antenatal Depression to Improve Maternal Health, Pakistan

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of the PunjabRan2020 to 2021Enrolled22ConditionsPost Partum DepressionArmsThinking healthy Program sessions designed for antenatal period
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Quratulain AhsanDepartment of Public Health, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Javeria SaleemDepartment of Public Health, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad IshaqInstitute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Rubeena ZakarDepartment of Public Health, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Saira AbbasInstitute of Social and Cultural Studies, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Ruhma ShahzadDepartment of Public Health, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Sohail Mahmood Khan6QAHE Business School-Ulster University partnership program, Birmingham, UK.
Florian FischerInstitute of Public Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. florian.fischer1@charite.de.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe present study is an intervention-based qualitative study that explores the factors causing depression among antenatal women and analyses coping strategies based on the modified version of the Thinking Healthy Programme (THP) intervention in the urban setting of Lahore, Pakistan.

methodsAn exploratory qualitative evaluation approach was used in the present study. The study comprises four phases, i.e., the screening phase, exploratory phase, intervention phase, and evaluation phase. During the first phase, pregnant women aged 18-45 years were screened for anxiety and depression by using the Urdu-translated Patient Health Care Questionnaire-9. In the second phase, identified women were interviewed to explore the factors responsible for depression. In the third phase, the intervention was administered via the THP intervention. In the last phase, the same women were reinterviewed to analyse the outcomes of the intervention. Thematic analysis was performed for the analysis of the interviews.

resultsData was analyzed using thematic analysis following an deductive and indictive approach in both pre- and post-intervention phase. Three main themes emerged in the pre-intervention phase: (1) the impact of adverse life events on the mental health of pregnant women, (2) the adverse effects of marital relationship issues on pregnant women, and (3) depression-causing factors due to the joint family system. Furthermore, four themes emerged in the post-intervention stage: (1) development of positivity in thinking and attitude, (2) learning about stress management through the provision of compassion and sharing avenues, (3) gaining self-esteem to address matters positively, and (4) improving relationships with the unborn child and family. Numerous pregnant women praised the THP project and recommended that hospitals adopt it to assist pregnant patients in the Pakistani health system.

conclusionThe study concludes that THP can be a valuable tool for helping many pregnant women who are experiencing prenatal depression recover, however, there is a further need for exploring its benefits in varying social and cultural contexts.

trial registrationThe study has been registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ (NCT04663243).

Indexed as

Adaptation, PsychologicalDepressionQualitative ResearchAdolescentAdultAnxietyCoping SkillsFemaleHumansMiddle AgedPakistanPregnancyPregnancy ComplicationsPregnant PeopleYoung AdultDepression and anxietyPower of decisionPregnancySocial supportSociocultural environment

Identifiers

PMID39563299
PMCPMC11577643

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.