Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39560777›Full record

Observational studyArchives of women's mental health2025

New perinatal mental health conditions diagnosed during COVID-19: a population-based, retrospective cohort study of birthing people in Ontario.

Rebecca H Correia, Devon Greyson, David Kirkwood, Elizabeth K Darling, Manisha Pahwa, Hamideh Bayrampour, Aaron Jones, Cassandra Kuyvenhoven, Jessica Liauw, Meredith Vanstone

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Archives of women's mental health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05663762 (How do Perceptions of Coronavirus Disease), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05663762 completednot on this map

How do Perceptions of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Risk Influence Health Decisions in Pregnancy?

TypeobservationalSponsorMcMaster UniversityRan2022 to 2024Enrolled136,500ConditionsPregnancy Related
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Utilization of mental health services during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic - a systematic review and meta-analysis.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Rebecca H CorreiaHealth Research Methodology graduate program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Devon GreysonSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
David KirkwoodICES, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Elizabeth K DarlingDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Manisha PahwaSchool of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Hamideh BayrampourDepartment of Family Practice, Midwifery Program, University of British Columbia, University Endowment Lands, Vancouver, Canada.
Aaron JonesDepartment of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Cassandra KuyvenhovenDepartment of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Jessica LiauwDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, University Endowment Lands, Vancouver, Canada.
Meredith VanstoneDepartment of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. vanstomg@mcmaster.ca.

Funding

Canada Research Chairs Ethical Complexity in Primary CareCIHR 179921
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeWe aimed to determine the incidence of mental health diagnoses and associated health and social risk factors among perinatal people in three different COVID-19 phases.

methodsWe conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study using linked administrative datasets. We included persons with live, in-hospital births in Ontario, Canada from January 1 to March 31 in 2019, 2021, or 2022 (three phases relative to COVID-19 with different public health policy measures). We excluded people with prior mental health diagnoses. We used diagnostic codes to identify new onset of depression, anxiety, or adjustment disorder in the antenatal and postpartum period. We developed multivariable, modified Poisson models to examine associations between sociodemographic and clinical factors and new mental health diagnoses in each phase.

resultsThere were 72,242 people in our cohort. Antenatal mental health diagnoses were significantly higher in 2021 (aRR = 1.32; CI = 1.20-1.46) and 2022 (aRR = 1.22; CI = 1.11-1.35) versus 2019. Postpartum diagnoses were significantly greater in 2021 (aRR = 1.16; CI = 1.08-1.25) versus 2019. Antenatal diagnoses were associated with birth year, previous stillbirth, pre-existing hypertension, multiparity, residential instability, and ethnocultural diversity. Postpartum diagnoses were associated with birth year, maternal age, multiparity, care provider profession, assisted reproductive technology, birthing mode, pre-existing hypertension, intensive care admission, hospital readmission, residential instability, and ethnocultural diversity. Family physicians increasingly made mental health diagnoses in 2021 and 2022.

conclusionIncreased incidence of perinatal mental health diagnoses during COVID-19 suggests complex dynamics involving pandemic and health and social risk factors. REGISTRATION: This study was registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05663762) on December 21, 2022.

Indexed as

AnxietyCOVID-19DepressionMental DisordersPregnancy ComplicationsAdultFemaleHumansIncidenceMental HealthOntarioPregnancyRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsYoung AdultAdjustment disordersAnxiety disordersCOVID-19DepressionMaternal health servicesPostpartum

Identifiers

PMID39560777

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.