Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39560003›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2025

Conversion to Alzheimer's disease dementia from normal cognition directly or with the intermediate mild cognitive impairment stage.

Xinlin Lu, Yahui Zhang, Yichen Tang, Charles Bernick, Guogen Shan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

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  6. Sample size determination for a study with variable follow-up time.Journal of biopharmaceutical statistics · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Xinlin LuDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Yahui ZhangDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Yichen TangSchool of Information and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China.
Charles BernickCleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.
Guogen ShanDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Funding

Alzheimer's Disease: New Trial Designs for Emerging ChallengesR01AG070849 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA LAS VEGAS · PI SHAN, GUOGEN · 2021 to 2025
$1.5M
Application of deep learning and novel survival models to predict MCI-to-AD dementia progressionR03AG083207 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI SHAN, GUOGEN · 2023 to 2024
$164k
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG070849NIA NIH HHS R03 AG083207NIH HHS R01AG070849NIH HHS R03AG083207
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionProgression to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia from normal cognition (NC) can follow different trajectories, with most progressing through a recognizable mild cognitive impairment stage (NC-MCI-AD), while some individuals transition quickly from NC to AD dementia (NC-AD).

methodsWe compared demographic characteristics, health factors, and cognitive and functional assessments across three time points: the first NC visit, the last NC visit, and the first AD dementia visit.

resultsThe NC-MCI-AD group showed greater impairment in cognitive and functional scores at AD dementia diagnosis, despite maintaining better cognitive function during the NC stage. Analysis of yearly changes revealed negligible differences during NC. However, the yearly change during the AD dementia stage suggested potentially more rapid functional decline in the NC-AD group. DISCUSSION: These findings highlight the heterogeneity in AD disease progression and emphasize the importance of considering diverse progression patterns in AD research and clinical practice. HIGHLIGHTS: We investigated the disease progression difference between patients who converted to Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia from normal cognition (NC) directly or through the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stage. We found that the NC-MCI-AD group showed greater impairment in cognitive and functional scores at AD dementia diagnosis. We discovered that the NC-AD group had rapid functional decline once patients were confirmed with AD onset.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseCognitionCognitive DysfunctionAgedAged, 80 and overDisease ProgressionFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleNeuropsychological TestsAlzheimer's diseasecognitive declinedisease progressionfunctional impairmentmild cognitive impairmentneuropsychiatric symptoms

Identifiers

PMID39560003
PMCPMC11772698

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.