Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39559860›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025

A Fully Integrated Orthodontic Aligner With Force Sensing Ability for Machine Learning-Assisted Diagnosis.

Hao Feng, Wenhao Song, Ruyi Li, Linxin Yang, Xiaoxuan Chen, Jiajun Guo, Xuan Liao, Lei Ni, Zhou Zhu, Junyu Chen and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. All-In-One Iontronic Sensing Aligner for High-Precision 3D Orthodontic Force Monitoring.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Hao FengState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Wenhao SongState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Ruyi LiState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Linxin YangState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Xiaoxuan ChenState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Jiajun GuoState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Xuan LiaoKey Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
Lei NiKey Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, 621010, China.
Zhou ZhuState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Junyu ChenState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Xibo PeiState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
Yijun LiState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6788-0730
Jian WangState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.

Funding

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2023T160443Key Technologies R & D Program of Sichuan Province 23ZDYF0471Med-X Innovation Programme of Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University MCM202303National Nature Science Foundations of China 51933007National Nature Science Foundations of China 82071164National Nature Science Foundations of China 82271016National Nature Science Foundations of China 82271034Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province 2023NSFSC2000Research and Development Program, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University RD-03-202107Research and Development Program, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University RD-03-202310Research and Development Program, West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University RD-03-202401
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Currently, the diagnosis of malocclusion is a highly demanding process involving complicated examinations of the dental occlusion, which increases the demand for innovative tools for occlusal data monitoring. Nevertheless, continuous wireless monitoring within the oral cavity is challenging due to limitations in sampling and device size. In this study, by embedding high-performance piezoelectric sensors into the occlusal surfaces using flexible printed circuits, a fully integrated, flexible, and self-contained transparent aligner is developed. This aligner exhibits excellent sensitivity for occlusal force detection, with a broad detection threshold and continuous pressure monitoring ability at eight distinct sites. Integrated with machine learning algorithm, this fully integrated aligner can also identify and track adverse oral habits that can cause/exacerbate malocclusion, such as lip biting, thumb sucking, and teeth grinding. This system achieved 95% accuracy in determining malocclusion types by analyzing occlusal data from over 1400 malocclusion models. This fully-integrated sensing system, with wireless monitoring and machine learning processing, marks a significant advancement in the development of intraoral wearable sensors. Moreover, it can also facilitate remote orthodontic monitoring and evaluation, offering a new avenue for effective orthodontic care.

Indexed as

Machine LearningMalocclusionBite ForceHumanselectrospinningforce sensingmalocclusion diagnosispiezoelectric nanogeneratorwearable devices

Identifiers

PMID39559860
PMCPMC11727240

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.