ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2025
Tear fluid reflects the altered protein expressions of Alzheimer's disease patients in proteins involved in protein repair and clearance system or the regulation of cytoskeleton.
Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of tear fluid glutathione synthetase and glutathione levels with amyloid positivity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Altered tear fluid protein expression in persons with mild cognitive impairment.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Article
- Visual Function in Alzheimer's Disease: Current Understanding and Potential Mechanisms Behind Visual Impairment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Proteomic landscape of Alzheimer's disease: emerging technologies, advances and insights (2021 - 2025).Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Neuroinflammation Markers in Tear Fluid of Mild Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
BackgroundNew biomarkers that improve diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are warranted. Tear fluid (TF) containing variety of proteins that reflect pathophysiological changes of systemic diseases makes TF proteins potential biomarker candidates for AD.ObjectiveWe investigated the expression levels of TF proteins in persons with mild AD and cognitively healthy controls (CO) to find out if altered proteins may link to the AD pathophysiology.MethodsWe analyzed the data of the 53 study participants (34 COs, mean age 71 and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) 28.9 ± 1.4 and 19 persons with AD, CDR 0.5-1, mean age 71 and MMSE 23.8 ± 2.8). All went through neurological status examination, cognitive tests, and ophthalmological examination. TF was collected using Schirmer strips. The TF protein content was evaluated via mass spectrometry-based proteomics and label-free quantification.ResultsEleven proteins having a role either in protein repair and clearance system, or regulation of cytoskeleton, showed altered expression in AD group compared to CO group. Seven of them were significantly (
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