ArticleBMJ open2024
Behavioural economics to improve and motivate vaccination in primary care using nudges through the electronic health record: rationale and design of the BE IMMUNE randomised clinical trial.
Article in BMJ open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06057727 (BE IMMUNE), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
BE IMMUNE: Behavioral Economics to IMprove and Motivate Vaccination Using Nudges Through the EHR
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nudges to Clinicians and Patients for Influenza Vaccines During Visits: The BE IMMUNE Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA internal medicine · 2026Trial
- Loss aversion and the limits of breastfeeding promotion: a behavioral policy perspective.International breastfeeding journal · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionAnnual influenza vaccination reduces disease burden but vaccination rates are suboptimal, with persistent disparities among subpopulations. The purpose of this trial is to evaluate multicomponent behavioural economic nudge interventions to clinicians and patients to increase influenza vaccination. This trial also includes an intensification nudge to reduce disparities in vaccination among older adult, primary care patients.
methodsThis is a two-part, multisite cluster randomised, pragmatic clinical trial. In the first part, a multicomponent nudge intervention will be tested over approximately 6 months (September 2023-February 2024). The second part consists of a replication trial conducted at an additional site during the following influenza season (September 2024-February 2025). Primary care clinics will be randomised to the nudge intervention or usual care. Eligible clinicians and patients at intervention clinics will receive the intervention, and patients deemed high risk for not receiving a vaccine will be further randomised to receive an intensification nudge. The primary outcome is vaccine completion during the eligible visit and the secondary outcome is vaccine completion within 3 months of the eligible visit. ANALYSIS: The effect of the clinic-level nudge intervention on the primary and secondary outcomes will be evaluated using generalised estimating equations (GEEs) with a clinic-level exchangeable working correlation to account for clustering of observations within the clinic. GEE models with an independent working correlation will be used to evaluate the impact of the additional intensification nudge on the primary and secondary outcomes. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved this trial and serves as the single IRB of record (IRB #851838). Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06057727.
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Registered trials
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