ArticlePreventive medicine2025
Sex-specific associations of cigarettes and e-cigarettes use with self-reported premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among adults aged 18-54 in the United States.
Article in Preventive medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Electronic cigarettes and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE).BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Comparison of e-Cigarette and Cigarette Use and Dual Use Associations With Disease: Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Pooled it
- Review
- Association of cervical artery stenosis with common cerebral microvascular lesions and coronary artery calcifications.Frontiers in neuroimaging · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPremature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is increasing in young adults (<55 years old). While research suggests females who smoke cigarettes have a higher risk of ASCVD than males, studies on the impact of exclusive e-cigarette and dual use on premature ASCVD are limited. This study investigated the association between tobacco use and self-reported premature ASCVD and explored potential sex differences.
methodsUsing pooled data from 480,317 adults (ages 18-54; ∼50 % female) from the 2020-2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from the United States, logistic regression models assessed associations between cigarette and e-cigarette use patterns and self-reported premature ASCVD. Tobacco use categories were defined as: non-use, former use (cigarettes, e-cigarettes), and current use (cigarettes, e-cigarettes) and dual use. Self-reported premature ASCVD was defined as self-reported angina or coronary heart disease, heart attack, or stroke. Weighted analyses were conducted for the overall sample and stratified by sex.
resultsAfter controlling for potential confounders, former exclusive cigarette (adjusted OR: 1.47 [95 % CI 1.29, 1.67]), current exclusive cigarette (1.68 [1.47-1.94]) and current dual (2.03 [1.69-2.44]) use were associated with higher odds of self-reported premature ASCVD. There was no significant association for e-cigarette use. Sex-specific analyses revealed similar patterns but the magnitude of these associations varied between males and females.
conclusionBoth sexes showed higher odds of self-reported premature ASCVD for dual and exclusive cigarette use. Although the cross-sectional design precludes causal inferences, the findings suggest comprehensive tobacco cessation programs tailored to diverse use patterns are needed to reduce the burden of premature ASCVD.
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Registered trials
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