ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024
Global trends in antibiotic consumption during 2016-2023 and future projections through 2030.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 150 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
150 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Carbapenem resistance and associated resistance genes in enterobacteriaceae and non-enterobacteriaceae in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Pooled it
- From water to wards: status of integrated preventive strategies to break the chain of infection and antimicrobial resistance in Pakistan.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the global prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistant Morganella morganii clinical isolates.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Health Risk Assessment of Antibiotic Residues in Normally Slaughtered, Emergency-Slaughtered, and Imported Beef in Egypt.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Antibiotics modulate activity of mouse and human dorsal root ganglia neurons.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Incorporating Sales Value into Weight-Based Veterinary Antimicrobial Use Surveillance: An Analysis of Veterinary Antimicrobial Sales Data in Japan, 2011-2024.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Methanogens: vital but threatened members of the human microbiome?Trends in microbiology · 2026Review
- Antibiotics and the Endocrine System: Mechanisms, Adverse Effects, and Clinical Implications.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Evolution, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Implications of Mobile Tetracycline Destructases.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Climate change and antimicrobial resistance.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- In-hospital antibiotic consumption in Lombardy, Italy (2017-2024): a retrospective analysis of regional administrative data.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2026Article
- Antibiotic-Induced Genotoxicity: Molecular Mechanisms, Cytogenetic Damage, and Implications for Human Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Eosinophilia-related adverse events reporting associated with medications: a disproportionality and regression analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Successful Application of the Mast Cell Activation Test in Immediate Hypersensitivity to Amoxicillin.Allergy · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Use in U.S. Hospitals: Comparison of 2015 and 2023 Prevalence Surveys.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Frequency and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Canine and Feline Urinary Tract Pathogens: A 6-Year (2018-2023) Retrospective Study in Phoenix, Arizona, United States.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Urinary Tract Infections: Etiology and Emerging Therapeutic Approaches.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Perturbations shift the composition of bacterial DNA carried by virus-like particles in the murine gut microbiome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Genomic and socioeconomic drivers of antimicrobial resistance forecast to 2050.Cell genomics · 2026Article
90 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global public health threat. Many factors contribute to this issue, with human antibiotic consumption being significant among them. Analyzing trends and patterns in consumption can aid in developing policies to mitigate the burden of antimicrobial resistance and global disparities in access to antibiotics. Using pharmaceutical sales data licensed from IQVIA, we estimate national-level trends in antibiotic consumption in 67 countries during 2016-2023 and analyze the effects of economic growth and the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we estimate global human consumption and project growth through 2030 assuming current trends. We find that estimated antibiotic consumption in reported countries increased 16.3% from 29.5 to 34.3 billion defined daily doses (DDDs) from 2016 to 2023, reflecting a 10.6% increase in the consumption rate from 13.7 to 15.2 DDDs per 1,000 inhabitants per day. Increases were most pronounced in upper-middle- and lower-middle-income countries. While the COVID-19 pandemic significantly reduced consumption globally, this was most pronounced in high-income countries, and in these countries, reductions in antibiotic use in 2020 were sharper, and lasted longer, than in other countries. By 2030, we project that, without reductions in rapidly developing nations, such as investments to improve infrastructure, particularly water and sanitation, along with improved access to vaccination, global antibiotic consumption will increase by 52.3% from an estimated 49.3 billion in 2023 to 75.1 billion DDDs.
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