ReviewPathologie (Heidelberg, Germany)2024
Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.
Review in Pathologie (Heidelberg, Germany), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review examines the diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs), a heterogeneous group of tumors with expression of neuroendocrine markers. PanNENs include both well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) and poorly differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (PanNECs). The diagnosis is confirmed through markers such as chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and INSM1, which establish neuroendocrine differentiation. The World Health Organization classification categorizes PanNENs based on tumor differentiation and proliferative activity (Ki-67 and/or mitotic index) into well-differentiated PanNETs (grade 1 to grade 3) and poorly differentiated PanNECs. In most cases, the morphology and proliferation index are sufficient to distinguish PanNETs from PanNECs. However, distinguishing grade 3 PanNETs from PanNECs can be challenging on the basis of morphology and proliferative activity alone. Additional key diagnostic markers for distinguishing grade 3 PanNET from PanNEC include SSTR2A expression and molecular immunohistochemical markers such as p53, Rb1, menin, ATRX, and DAXX. PanNECs are by definition high-grade tumors with highly aggressive clinical behavior, while PanNETs have a variable prognosis that is difficult to predict using current biomarkers such as tumor grade and size. Several studies have shown that ATRX or DAXX loss is strongly associated with a higher risk of PanNET metastasis and recurrence. They are therefore key prognostic markers in PanNETs. In addition, chromosomal copy number variations can further help assess PanNET aggressiveness and prognosis. Molecular profiling is increasingly important for improving the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PanNENs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39556246What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.