ArticleThe New phytologist2025
A fungal sRNA silences a host plant transcription factor to promote arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.
Article in The New phytologist, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cross-kingdom RNA in plant-microbe interactions: from molecular interactions to next-generation crop protection.Stress biology · 2026Review
- Cross-kingdom RNA interference as a unifying mechanism in plant-microbe interactions.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Cross-kingdom sRNA Ta_sRNA1 silences PRIM2 to fine-tune Arabidopsis immunity during symbiosis with Trichoderma atroviride.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Harnessing plant-to-plant signalling via common mycorrhizal networks for enhanced community-level resistance in crops.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Review
- Review
- Extracellular Vesicles: Key Mediators of Bioactive Molecule Transport in Plant-Microbe Interactions.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Review
- Epigenetic regulation of mycorrhizal symbioses: from plastic responses to transgenerational legacies.The New phytologist · 2026Review
- A rice ceRNA module suppresses Rhizoctonia solani-induced cross-kingdom RNAi to reduce fungal pathogenicity.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Cross-kingdom RNA interference promotes arbuscular mycorrhiza development.Nature plants · 2026Article
- Cross-kingdom RNAi: a universal mechanism of inter-organismal communication with many unknowns.Journal of experimental botany · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms modulating beneficial plant root-microbe interactions: What's common?Plant communications · 2026Review
- Editorial: Cross-kingdom communications among plants, fungi, and bacteria: from molecules to ecological factors.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Co-extraction of Small RNAs and Total RNA from Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Roots Using Laser Microdissection.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Application of Virus-Induced Gene Silencing to Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Rice miRNA-mediated trans-kingdom gene regulation in pathogenic and symbiotic fungal interactions.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Transcriptional landscape of Atractylodes chinensis contracting root rot.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- A pipeline for validation of Serendipita indica effector-like sRNA suggests cross-kingdom communication in the symbiosis with Arabidopsis.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Article
- Mobile RNAs as systemic signaling beyond boundaries for plant stress resistance.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Review
- Article
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12 authors.
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Abstract
Cross-kingdom RNA interference (ckRNAi) is a mechanism of interspecies communication where small RNAs (sRNAs) are transported from one organism to another; these sRNAs silence target genes in trans by loading into host AGO proteins. In this work, we investigated the occurrence of ckRNAi in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis (AMS). We used an in silico prediction analysis to identify a sRNA (Rir2216) from the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and its putative plant gene target, the Medicago truncatula MtWRKY69 transcription factor. Heterologous co-expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana, 5' RACE reactions and AGO1-immunoprecipitation assays from mycorrhizal roots were used to characterize the Rir2216-MtWRKY69 interaction. We further analyzed MtWRKY69 expression profile and the contribution of constitutive and conditional MtWRKY69 expression to AMS. We show that Rir2216 is loaded into an AGO1 silencing complex from the host plant M. truncatula, leading to cleavage of a host target transcript encoding for the MtWRKY69 transcription factor. MtWRKY69 is specifically downregulated in arbusculated cells in mycorrhizal roots and increased levels of MtWRKY69 expression led to a reduced AM colonization level. Our results indicate that MtWRKY69 silencing, mediated by a fungal sRNA, is relevant for AMS; we thus present the first experimental evidence of fungus to plant ckRNAi in AMS.
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