ArticleIndian journal of surgical oncology2024
Expression of Immune Checkpoint Regulator Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed Cell Death Protein Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma Breast.
Article in Indian journal of surgical oncology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Despite significant advancement in the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of breast carcinoma, the prognosis remains dismal. Recently, with advances in its understanding, various immune system-based management strategies have been developed. CTLA-4 suppresses lymphocyte reactivity, IL-2 secretion, and IL-2 receptor expression and triggers cell cycle arrest. PD-L1 inhibits the proliferation and cytotoxicity of T cells and inhibits release of cytokines. Hence, we planned to evaluate the immunoexpression of CTLA-4 and PD-L1 in invasive ductal carcinoma breast and seek correlation between their immunopositivity and the clinicopathological parameters. This was a retrospective study conducted on archival material of 50 cases of breast carcinoma tissue microarrays. Clinicopathological details were recorded. All cases were evaluated for immunohistochemical expression of CTLA-4 and PD-L1. Cytoplasmic expression of CTLA-4 and membranous expression of PD-L1 were considered positive and staining intensity was recorded as mild, moderate, and intense. Data was recorded and analyzed. Immunopositivity for CTLA-4 was seen in 92% of cases of breast carcinoma. CTLA-4 staining intensity showed significant association with TNM staging of breast carcinomas (
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