ArticleCureus2024
Impact of Osteocalcin on Glycemic Regulation and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Differential Effects of Vitamin K Across Glycaemic Outcomes in Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Bone health in diabetes mellitus.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Bone‑origin repair in diabetic foot ulcers: Mechanisms of callus formation and endocrine effects in healing (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide health issue impacting millions of individuals. In recent years, bone has been identified as an endocrine organ that regulates glucose metabolism by the release of osteocalcin, an osteoblast-specific hormone, which affects fat accumulation and blood glucose levels. Osteocalcin has been associated with insulin sensitivity and glucose control. Objective The study investigates the relationship between circulating osteocalcin levels with glycemic control parameters and insulin resistance in T2DM patients. Methods A total of 234 subjects were recruited, including T2DM patients (n=117) and age-sex-matched controls (n=117). Fasting blood samples were collected to measure fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and osteocalcin levels. Osteocalcin levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Insulin resistance was calculated using the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Results The levels of osteocalcin in T2DM patients were significantly lower (7.07 ± 3.80 ng/mL) than in healthy controls (20.41 ± 13.50 ng/mL, p<0.0001). A significant negative correlation was observed between osteocalcin and HbA1c (r=-0.710, p<0.01), as well as between osteocalcin and FBS (r=-0.676, p<0.01). T2DM patients also showed significantly higher insulin resistance, as evidenced by their elevated HOMA-IR scores (4.39 ± 1.95 vs. 3.62 ± 1.82, p=0.002). There was a negative correlation between osteocalcin and HOMA-IR (r=-0.324, p=0.0001). Conclusion This study shows that osteocalcin levels are significantly reduced in patients with T2DM and demonstrate a negative correlation with HbA1c, FBS, and insulin resistance.
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