Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39551480›Full record

ArticleClinical & experimental ophthalmology2025

Eye diseases in chronic kidney disease: A nationwide longitudinal case-control study in Sweden.

Pablo Ballester Dolz, Karin Ålander, Petra Smedberg, Per Vihlborg, Ing-Liss Bryngelsson, Jessica Westerlund, Karim Makdoumi

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Pablo Ballester DolzDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden.ORCID 0009-0006-8423-7217
Karin ÅlanderSchool of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden.
Petra SmedbergSchool of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden.
Per VihlborgDepartment of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Ing-Liss BryngelssonDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden.
Jessica WesterlundDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden.
Karim MakdoumiDepartment of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0003-1552-3819

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health issue that is becoming more prevalent globally, increasing financial cost on healthcare systems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the incidence of eye diseases in patients diagnosed with CKD in Sweden and to evaluate which eye diseases are most likely to develop.

methodsA longitudinal population-based retrospective case-control study was conducted including all individuals diagnosed with chronic kidney disease during the time period 2001-2019. A total of 19 455 cases and 38 890 controls were included. For each case, two controls were matched with the same sex, age, and county of residence.

resultsCKD patients had a significantly higher risk of contracting any eye disease compared to individuals without kidney disease HR 1.73 (CI 1.67-1.79), with an elevated risk for all blocks of diagnoses except for glaucoma HR 0.95 (CI 0.85-1.06). However, this condition developed earlier in cases than in controls. Subanalyses showed an increased risk for chronic eye disease patients to develop cataract HR 1.70 (CI 1.63-1.78), other retinal disorders HR 1.86 (CI 1.72-2.02), and retinal vascular occlusions HR 2.08 (CI 1.73-2.51). In general, diagnosis of an eye disease occurred earlier in cases than controls.

conclusionsThe results from this study suggest that CKD patients have an increased risk to develop eye disease. Ocular disease seems to develop considerably earlier in CKD, even without staging the severity of the disease, with particularly high risk of developing retinal diseases and cataracts. Screening for eye disease in CKD should be considered.

Indexed as

Eye DiseasesRenal Insufficiency, ChronicAdultAgedAged, 80 and overCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansIncidenceLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSwedenYoung Adultcataractchronic kidney diseaseeye diseaseglaucomamacular degeneration

Identifiers

PMID39551480
PMCPMC11874665

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.