Identification of potential mechanisms of Schisandrin B in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a worsening fibrotic condition characterized by a short survival rate and limited treatment options. This study evaluates the potential anti-fibrotic properties of Schisandrin B (Sch B) through network pharmacology and experimental validation. A mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis was established, and the modeled mice were treated with Sch B at three doses (20 mg/kg/day, 40 mg/kg/day, and 80 mg/kg/day). A fibrotic model was developed in NIH/3T3 cells by treating them with TGF-β (10 ng/mL) and administering Sch B at various concentrations (10, 20, and 40 µM). The results revealed that Sch B treatment delayed the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis and substantially decreased the transcription levels of collagen I and α-SMA in TGF-β-induced fibroblasts. Core targets were screened with protein-protein interaction network analysis, molecular complex detection (MCODE), and CytoHubba plugin. The application of Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis, and molecular docking highlighted the significance of the HIF-1α signaling pathway in the potential mechanism of Sch B in IPF therapy. Western blot, PCR, and immunofluorescence were performed to validate the effects of Sch B on HIF-1α. In vivo and in vitro, Sch B administration reduced HIF-1α expression. These outcomes provide valuable insights into the potential mechanism by which Sch B delays IPF development, with HIF-1α potentially serving as a key target. However, further investigation is warranted to assess the safety and efficacy of Sch B in clinical settings.