ArticleBMC psychiatry2024
Variations in inflammatory regulators in male patients with chronic schizophrenia associated with psychopathology and cognitive deficits.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunomodulatory effects of amisulpride on mammalian macrophages.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Alterations in serum IL-10 and IL-19 levels in drug-naïve first-episode adolescent-onset schizophrenia and their associations with clinical symptoms.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Abnormal serum IL-10 and IL-19 levels in childhood- and adolescent-onset schizophrenia: associations with negative symptoms and language function.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Linking Metabolic Disorders and Immune System Phenomena in Schizophrenia: The Role of Adipose Tissue and Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundImmune dysregulation has been identified as a contributing factor in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate variations in specific immune regulators and their correlation with psychopathology and cognitive functions in male patients with chronic schizophrenia.
methodsEmploying a cross-sectional design, this study included 72 male patients with chronic schizophrenia. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status were utilized to assess psychopathology and cognitive functions, respectively.
resultsSerum levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-13, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) were measured. There were significantly increased levels of IL-4, IL-13, and MCP-1, alongside decreased levels of IL-10 in patients compared to controls (all P < 0.05). IL-4 levels showed a significant negative association with PANSS positive symptoms (beta=-0.222, P = 0.042). After controlling for antipsychotic medication, BMI, and smoking, this correlation was no longer significant (r=-0.232, P = 0.055). Additionally, positive correlations of IL-4 (beta = 0.297, P = 0.008), IL-13 (beta = 0.371, P = 0.001), and MCP-1 (beta = 0.280, P = 0.013) with language scores were observed. Increased levels of IL-4 (P = 0.044, OR = 1.994), IL-13 (P = 0.019, OR = 2.245), as well as IL-4 and MCP-1 interactions (P = 0.043, OR = 2.000) were positively associated with the risk of chronic schizophrenia, while lower levels of IL-10 (P = 0.003, OR = 0.2.867) were also linked to an increased risk.
conclusionThe identified associations between specific immune markers and the clinical and cognitive features of chronic schizophrenia in males underscored the potential immune-mediated mechanisms underlying schizophrenia.
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