ArticleScientific reports2024
Additively manufactured microwave sensor for glucose level detection in saliva.
Article in Scientific reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Design of a microwave sensor for non-invasive monitoring of blood glucose level with high sensitivity using electromagnetic properties.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Noninvasive subterahertz glucose monitoring using a communication inspired eye diagram.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of printed electronics technologies in RF and microwave circuits.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development of in situ real-time sensor for molecular contamination.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
In this paper, a novel realization of an ink-on-glass microwave sensor for biomedical applications is proposed. The Aerosol Jet Printing (AJP) technology is leveraged to implement a compact single-layer coplanar waveguide sensor featuring arc-shaped interdigital fingers that can accommodate a droplet of the Material-Under-Test (MUT). Such geometry provides a high sensitivity to even a very small deviation of MUT`s electrical properties when placed as a superstrate. An application towards the detection of trace amounts of glucose in saliva, which is a biomarker for diabetes, is showcased. The design and fabrication process of an exemplary sensor is discussed in detail. A circular geometry feature is introduced that helps a droplet to lie over the sensitive region due to wettability difference of glass substrate and silver ink. Sensor operating in K-band is developed providing a tradeoff between circuit size and droplet volume. The study is conducted for an artificial saliva requiring roughly a 0.5 µL droplet where changes in mixture content are proportional to relative changes of sensor`s transmission coefficient in a broad frequency range for occupied vs. empty states. The obtained results show that 10 mg of glucose per 100 ml of saliva can be easily distinguished in a frequency range of 20-30 GHz, whereas a monotonical change is visible for frequencies 20-26 GHz, which indicates the applicability of this sensor towards the detection of saliva-glucose levels and potential application in the detection of small amounts of other substances in liquids.
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Registered trials
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